三效光伏/光热墙体对能耗与室内热环境的影响研究

With the continuous improvement of people's living standard, the demand for residential comfort is increasing. The demand for building energy consumption will continue to grow. Meanwhile, the proportion of clean building energy in building energy supply will also increase year by year. Solar energy is widely used but has low energy density and requires a large area of reception. The roof of the building and the south wall can be used with a large amount of area. The combination of solar energy and building can meet the various needs of building energy. In the building, the application of solar photovoltaic/photothermal and building integration technology will be an important way to accelerate the renewable energy development and reduce the proportion of conventional energy in building energy consumption. The main forms of the combination of solar energy and building include: building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV), photothermal building integration (BIPT) and photovoltaic/photothermal building integration (BIPV/T). In the integrated photovoltaic/photothermal building equipment, the active heating mode is poor in economy and low in reliability, while passive heating is easy to cause overheating in summer. Based on this, this invention provides a triple effect of photothermal/photovoltaic device , which has a flexible and reliable way of working, and applicable under different seasons and different regions, and can meet different application requirements.

随着人民生活水平不断提高，对于居住舒适性的要求越来越高，建筑能耗需求将持续增长，同时清洁建筑能源在建筑能源供给中的比例也逐年增大。太阳能分布广泛但是能流密度低，需要较大的接收面积，而建筑的屋顶和南墙立面有大量面积可以利用。将太阳能与建筑相结合能够满足建筑中多种用能需求, 在建筑中大力推广应用太阳能光伏光热建筑一体化技术将是规模化发展可再能源、降低建筑能耗中常规能源比例的重要途径。太阳能利用与建筑节能相结合的主要形式包括：光伏建筑一体化（BIPV）、光热建筑一体化（BIPT）和光伏/光热建筑一体化（BIPV/T）等。在光伏/光热建筑一体化设备中，主动采暖模式经济性较差而且可靠性较低，而被动采暖易导致夏季过热等问题。基于此，本申请提出一种与建筑一体化的三效光伏/光热太阳能利用装置及系统，旨在寻求一种工作方式灵活可靠，可满足不同季节、不同地区和不同应用场合要求的高效太阳能综合利用途径。

针对我国日益增加的建筑能耗以及传统化石能源的使用所带来的碳排放增加与污染问题，本项目旨在将太阳能光伏/光热综合利用技术与被动式建筑采暖有机结合，形成一种多功能的、适合不同气候、地区和使用场合的光伏/光热墙体装置及系统。通过对光伏电池发电模块、强迫循环的热水集热系统、自然循环的被动采暖系统对建筑热环境的调节机制的研究，获得充分反映本质机理的三效光伏/光热墙体系统理论模型。建立系统实验测试平台，通过不同季节的实验性能测试与数值模拟相结合的方法，获得三效光伏/光热墙体系统对建筑能耗及室内热环境的影响，建立系统光热光电综合性能性能评价方法，为此项新型系统的推广应用提供理论依据和指导性方法。研究表明，三效光伏/光热墙体系统在降低建筑能耗的同时，也能够实现建筑室内舒适度的提高，有着较好的发展前景。