仿蝙蝠无尾扑翼飞行器飞行机理与参数影响研究

For its unique value, flapping wing aircraft has become one of the very promising research directions. Birds-like flapping wing aircraft and insect-like flapping wing aircraft have been the two main focuses. As bat-like tailless flapping wing aircraft is much different to the previous two kinds of aircraft. Due to its complex layout of flexibility and no tail, there has not been any formed theory for unsteady aerodynamics and flight dynamics. The project intends to carry out the research on mechanism for higher lift and efficiency, and the modeling method for flight dynamics. The main contents include analyzing the structure and movement of the bat samples, revealing the no-tail flapping wing flight principle of bats, analyzing the lift-push mechanism and establishing the aerodynamic model. The methods of balance and manipulation for tailless flapping wings aircraft will be developed. Nonlinear flight dynamic model will be built and simulation will be performed. The physical model of tailless bat-like flapping wing aircraft will be made based on the systemic aerodynamic and dynamic performances. Experimental studies will also be carried out. Theoretical basis and effective guidance will be provided for the development of tailless flapping wing aircraft.

扑翼飞行器以其独特的应用价值成为极具发展前景的研究方向之一，仿鸟扑翼飞行器和仿昆虫扑翼飞行器是研究较多的两种扑翼飞行器。仿蝙蝠无尾扑翼飞行器与以上两种飞行器有较大区别，由于其复杂的柔性变形和无尾布局，至今尚没有成型的非定常气动力和飞行动力学理论。本项目拟开展仿蝙蝠无尾扑翼飞行器增升增效机理和飞行动力学建模方法研究，主要内容包括：剖析蝙蝠样本结构形式和运动规律，揭示蝙蝠无尾扑翼飞行原理，分析其升推机理并建立气动模型；研究基于翼膜变形的无尾扑翼飞行器配平方法和操纵方法，建立非线性飞行动力学模型并进行仿真。根据系统气动特性和动态特性，研制仿蝙蝠无尾扑翼飞行器物理模型并进行实验研究，为进一步发展高效无尾扑翼飞行器提供有效的理论基础和方法指导。

扑翼飞行器以其独特的应用价值成为极具发展前景的研究方向之一，仿鸟扑翼飞行器和仿昆虫扑翼飞行器是研究较多的两种扑翼飞行器。仿蝙蝠无尾扑翼飞行器与以上两种飞行器有较大区别，由于其复杂的柔性变形和无尾布局，至今尚没有成型的非定常气动力和飞行控制等相关理论。本项目针对这些问题，开展了仿蝙蝠无尾扑翼飞行器增升增效机理和飞行动力学建模方法研究，主要研究内容包括：（1）气动外形和运动规律研究，基于文献与实地调研，进行了仿蝙蝠无尾扑翼飞行器总体方案设计，通过多种方案对比选择了合适的操纵方案。（2）升推机理与配平操纵研究，基于非定常气动建模与CFD仿真对仿蝙蝠扑翼机升推机理进行了研究，然后基于风洞试验进行了验证，气动研究证明了扑翼机能够产生足够的升力与推力支持其巡航与机动，且尾舵具有足够的配平与操纵性能。（3）动力学模型与控制方法研究，开展了纵向飞行动力学建模与稳定性分析研究，研究表明飞行器在扑动过程中具有较好的稳定性，进而证明了鲁棒变增益控制器的可行性。基于对生物飞行的研究设计了仿生飞行控制率，通过室外飞行试验证明了其可行性。研究为进一步发展高效无尾扑翼飞行器提供了有效的理论基础和方法指导。