射电天文终端基带数据的处理方法研究

Higher resolution and higher sensitivity are of great significance to radio astronomical techniques, and also give higher standards for the design of terminal equipment of radio astronomy. Currently, the high-speed storage of output from terminal mainly relies on foreign equipment and software. In addition, there is no solution to how to combine data transmission and real-time encoding and decoding. Based on theories and methods in areas of astronomical techniques and methodology, computer networks and data analysis, this project will mainly focus on the study of high-speed data receiving and storage, real-time data transfer and encoding and decoding, reading and writing of multiple data formats of baseband, in order to fulfill the frontier requirements of RF sampling and broadband feed for terminal storage, to handle with multiple stations multi-phase control units data processing, to unify the methods of data reading, and to give a solution to the high-speed, real-time and automatic terminal baseband data. The study in this project will enhance the level of radio astronomical terminal baseband data processing and degree of automation in China. The results of this study will provide references to technical methods of single antenna and antenna array.

高分辨率、高灵敏度的提升对射电技术有很重要的意义，同时也对射电终端设备提出了更高的要求。目前终端输出数据的高速存储主要依赖于国外设备和软件，且还没有将数据传输与实时编解码结合的解决方案。本项目将结合天文技术与方法、计算机网络、数据分析等领域的理论和方法，重点研究高速数据接收和存储、实时的数据传输和编解码处理、基带多种数据格式的读写，实现目前射频采样和宽带馈源对终端存储的前沿需求、应对多台站多相控单元的数据处理、统一的数据读取方案，形成高速、实时、自动化的终端基带数据解决方法。本课题的研究将提高我国射电终端基带数据处理方案的水平和自动化稳定程度。研究成果可为单天线、天线阵列等提供技术方法的参考。

项目针对射电天文技术未来的发展趋势，超高分辨率、超高灵敏度进行了有益的探索。主要对随着而来的技术研究，如射电天文数据的超高速记录、存储、分发及编解码等开展了技术研发和应用。目前部分研究内容与国外同类相当，另外针对国内数据特点进行了适当的研发，开发的系统已经应用于工程项目中（主要包括探月、探火测定轨任务配置项，VLBI2010项目，国内的望远镜第一缕条纹和新技术测试等）和国际联测项目中（主要包括VGOS在内的超高速数据回放和编解码软件）。项目的研究内容在实际使用中验证了其稳定性和自动化程度较高，有效地降低了人工操作的介入，加速了科学数据的产出。项目的研究成果也为未来国内的综合孔径阵列建设、单天线提供了部分研究基础。