硫化矿浮选过程中多元捕收剂共吸附诱导效应和协同作用机理研究

Non-ferrous metal sulfide orel resources are complex, and the value of associated elements is high. It is difficult to obtain ideal indexes by using a single collector. The multi-collectors have complementary and synergistic effects, which is conducive to the efficient separation and comprehensive recovery of complex polymetallic sulphide orel resources. The synergistic mechanism of multi-collectors interacting with mineral surfaces are studied by the combination of theory and tests in this project. Density functional theory is used to study the influence of collector molecular adsorption on reactivity and electronic density of states of surface atoms, and to ascertain the law of induction of collector adsorption on mineral surface. Density functional theory is used to study the spatial arrangement of collectors with different hydrocarbyl at the solid-liquid interface, and to establish a molecular assembly model of the multi-collectors co-adsorption at solid-liquid interface. Microcalorimetry is used to studied synergistic thermal effects and kinetic constants of the multi-collector adsorption on mineral surfaces, and to establish a synergistic thermodynamic and kinetic model of multi-collectors. Infrared spectroscopy, XPS and other surface testing apparatus are employed to study the effect of co-adsorption of collectors with different types on the surface atomic chemical state, and to establish a surface chemical model of multi-collectors synergy. This research results have important theoretical and practical values for the development of high efficiency combined collectors for effective separation of complex polymetallic sulphide resources.

有色金属硫化矿资源复杂，伴生元素价值大，单一捕收剂难以获得理想指标，组合捕收剂具有互补性和协同作用效应，有利于实现复杂多金属硫化矿资源高效分离和综合回收。项目采用理论和测试相结合的方法，研究多元捕收剂在矿物表面的协同作用机制。采用密度泛函理论研究捕收剂分子吸附对硫化矿物表面原子反应活性和电子态密度的影响，查明矿物表面捕收剂吸附的诱导作用传递规律；研究不同烃基结构的捕收剂在固液界面空间排列结构，建立多元捕收剂在固液界面共吸附的分子组装模型。采用微量热研究组合捕收剂在矿物表面吸附的协同作用热效应和动力学常数，建立组合捕收剂协同作用热力学和动力学模型；采用红外光谱、光电子能谱等表面测试手段研究不同类型和结构的捕收剂共吸附对表面原子化学态的影响，建立多元捕收剂分子协同作用的表面化学模型。项目研究成果对于复杂难选多金属硫化矿的高效浮选组合捕收剂开发具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。

有色金属硫化矿资源复杂，伴生元素价值大，单一捕收剂难以获得理想指标，组合捕收剂具有互补性和协同作用效应，有利于实现复杂多金属硫化矿资源高效回收。组合捕收剂在矿物表面的相互作用机制及其分子组装的微观机制一直缺乏深入研究，项目采用理论和测试相结合的方法，研究多元捕收剂在矿物表面的协同作用机制。主要开展了捕收剂分子吸附后对矿物表面相邻原子性质的影响及诱导效应机理与规律，不同结构多元捕收剂在固液界面分子组装机制及其对疏水性的影响，组合不同类型捕收剂在硫化矿物表面作用的吸附热力学和动力学行为以及不同捕收剂共吸附对表面原子化学态的影响等。项目取得了如下重要成果：1）建立了组合捕收剂在矿物表面共吸附的诱导效应模型，揭示了捕收剂分子吸附后对矿物表面原子反应活性及邻位再吸附捕收剂分子的影响，为组合捕收剂优化和设计提供理论依据；2）构建了不同碳链长度与不同烃基结构捕收剂在矿物表面的组装机制，揭示了组合捕收剂分子之间相互作用微观机制，建立了组合捕收剂界面分子组装模型，为矿物表面疏水强化提供了理论依据；3）建立了组合捕收剂在矿物表面共吸附的热力学模型和动力学模型，发现组合捕收剂在矿物表面吸附主要是以焓驱动和熵驱动两种机制为主，同时不同组合捕收剂的吸附速率有较大的差别，为组合捕收剂的选择和设计提供热力学数据；4）建立了组合捕收剂在矿物表面协同吸附的化学机理。研究成果从分子层面揭示了组合捕收剂的协同作用机制，为复杂硫化矿高效浮选组合捕收剂的开发和设计提供了理论依据。