台风作用下风力机塔筒结构风效应原型实测

In this proposal project, the field measurement systems will been established and implemented to monitor wind velocity field, associated structure surface pressures and wind inducing responses on wind turbine tower in coastal terrain during typhoons. In particular, tropical cyclone winds with significant fluctuations of incident wind direction as well as enhanced turbulence levels than those of other high winds. Field measurement study are conducted to focuse on wind-gravity couple P-deta effect, damping for blade and tower interaction for wind turbine tower base on the wind velocity data, pressure data and wind induced responses data recorded from the field monitoring system.The field study results reveal that wind pressure distribution characteristics and the mechanism for generation of wind induced vibration. The structural dynamic parameter and aerodynamic parameter including lift and drag coefficient, and damping ratio were obtained from field results. The equivalent static wind loads and wind induced responses designed method for the wind-resistant design of wind turbine tower considering P-deta effect and blade and tower coupling is proposed. On the other hand, numerical simulations study are conducted to assess the wind effect on the experimental wind turbine tower. Comparing these results with actual performance is very useful in evaluating the accuracy of numerical simulations methods based on the field measurements results. Furthermore, extreme value analysis is performed using an automated procedure to determine the equivalent static wind load and wind induced responses on wind turbine tower structure on the basis of the numerical simulation analyses under strong windstorm conditions. The outputs of the project are expected to provide useful information and reference on the wind loads and wind induced responses determination for the wind-resistant design of wind turbine tower structure for coastal terrain in typhoon-prone regions.

拟申请项目通过创建台风风场脉动风速、风电塔筒结构表面脉动风压和风致响应现场实测平台，开展伴有突变风向、强湍流的台风风场作用下，近海岸大型风电塔筒结构风效应的原型实测，着重研究风力发电机组重力与塔顶风振位移的二阶效应和风轮与塔筒结构耦合作用等主要影响因素。揭示风电塔筒结构风压分布规律和风振响应机理，获得结构动力特性参数、升力和阻力系数以及阻尼比等空气动力关键参数，提出考虑重力二阶效应和风轮与塔筒耦合作用等影响塔筒结构等效风荷载和风振位移的修正方法，建立适应台风风场风电塔筒结构等效风荷载和风振响应计算方法；以现场实测结果为基准，评估风电塔筒结构风效应数值有限元模拟方法计算结果的适用性和准确性，进而开展台风风场极端工况下，风电塔筒结构风荷载和风致响应的极值分析，研究成果可为近海岸风电塔筒结构的抗台风设计提供参考。

本项目通过创建的风力机塔筒结构原型实测研究平台，获取了近海岸台风风场脉动风速、塔筒结构风振响应等实测数据，利用100m测风塔获取了超强台风威马逊影响作用下近地边界层100m高度范围内强风风速样本，开展近海岸开阔地貌条件近地边界层平均风剖面和湍流强度剖面特征参数研究工作。同时基于测风塔风速实测资料，修正相应风机发电系统对风力机机舱顶部风速大小和湍流强度的影响程度。通过沿风电塔结构20、40、60m三个高度内部平台布设低频测振传感器，获得风电塔结构风致响应和动力特性，分析了风电塔结构风振响应；同时运用IBIS-FS 雷达远距离监测在正常运行工况和台风风场工况下风机机塔筒结构风振响应，比较两种不同测试手段获得的结果，分析结果具有较好的一致性。基于现场实测结果，重点研究了风电塔筒结构的风重耦合效应、风轮与塔筒结构耦合作用的气动阻尼及横风向涡激共振问题。提出考虑风重耦合效应的对塔筒结构等效风荷载和风振位移的修正方法，建立适应风电塔筒结构等效风荷载和风振响应简化计算方法。以风电塔筒结构原型实测结果为基准，运用阵风风洞采用主动与被动湍流相结合的方法模拟了近地边界层台风流场特性，并开展其原型1:50风力机发电系统气动弹性风洞实验研究，验证和发展风洞实验模拟手段。研究成果以期为近海岸风电塔筒结构的抗台风设计提供一定的参考。