新型高性能宽带馈源及反射面天线赋形方法研究

High performance wideband feed and method of shaped reflector antenna are the key technologies on the antenna field, the breakthroughs in these two aspects have important research significance in radio astronomy.A novel top hat feed with self-supporting structure and new method of shaped reflector antenna would be developed in this project based on the analysis of the factors affecting the performance of the reflector antenna. The research contents of novel top hat feed with self-supporting structure will optimize the feed structure from the goals of Wideband、High operating efficiency、stability of the phase center, which contribute to high performance characteristics of the novel feed，and it would be verified by prototype antenna measurement. The new method of shaped reflector antenna is to be achieved by using local control technology of NURBS surface, the bat algorithm to optimize the performance of the reflector antenna and the space mapping algorithm to improve the optimization efficiency. The feasibility of new method would be demonstrated by electromagnetic simulation software and prototype testing. The achievements of the project would make a good preparation from theory and design for the development of Mingantu Observing Station.

高性能宽带馈源和反射面赋形方法是天线领域的研究热点和难点，这两方面研究的突破在射电天文领域具有重要研究意义。本项目基于对影响反射面天线性能指标的因素进行分析的基础上，提出一种新型高性能馈源及反射面赋形优化设计新方法。具体研究内容包括首先提出一种具有自支撑结构新型礼帽型宽带馈源，针对馈源效率、工作带宽，相位中心方面开展馈源结构优化研究，实现新型馈源的高性能特性，并通过馈源原理样机性能验证；针对反射面天线赋形新方法的研究，提出利用NURBS（Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines）非均匀有理B样条曲面局部控制技术，结合蝙蝠算法优化反射面天线性能，实现反射面天线赋形优化，并引入空间映射算法提高优化效率，最后通过天线电磁仿真软件及原理样机测试验证反射面赋形新方法的可行性。本项目研究成果将为明安图观测基地未来发展需求提供技术储备。

新技术、新方法是天线领域研究热点，高性能反射面天线一直是射电天文领域和卫星通信领域追踪目标。本项目对实现高性能反射面天线的两大核心技术——高性能馈源和赋形反射面技术展开研究。针对高性能馈源，在分析传统反射面天线效率不高的基础上，提出一种具有自支撑结构新型帽型宽带馈源，研究优化馈源结构、提升馈源效率、展宽工作带宽，保持相位中心稳定，实现新型馈源高性能特性，并加工原理样机，验证新型馈源的性能；针对反射面提出反射面赋形设计新方法，利用NURBS曲面局部控制技术，结合蝙蝠算法优化反射面天线各项性能指标，实现反射面天线赋形优化设计，引入空间映射算法，大幅度提高优化效率。结合新型馈源方向图，采用反射面赋形新方法优化设计适用于新型高性能馈源的口径50cm的反射面，实现高性能反射面天线，加工原理样机，并进行性能指标测试，测试结果表明天线效率不小于75%，同时该反射面天线具有轻量化、结构简单等优点，具有重要应用推广价值。在项目执行期内，共发表科研论文10篇，申报发明专利5项,申报软件著作权1项,培养博士研究生3名。