水中高压脉动气泡破冰数值模拟与实验研究

The exploration of the Arctic is of extremely important strategic significance. Ice breaking is one of the key problems that restrict the Arctic exploration. This project intends to propose and study a new method of ice breaking, that is, ice breaking by underwater high-pressure pulsating bubbles, to supplement traditional ice breaking methods. To reveal the mechanism of ice breaking due to bubbles, a numerical fluid-structure interaction model of ice breaking by underwater high-pressure pulsating bubbles is to be established based on the theory of transient fluid-structure interaction, considering fluid compressibility and the strain-rate-related constitutive equation of ice. The model is to be solved with the combination of an improved Coupled-Eulerian-Lagrangian method and an improved Peridynamics method, and bubble-ice breaking experiments will be carried out for the validation of the model. On this basis, the dynamic behavior and the load of the bubble near the ice will be investigated, and the characteristics of ice breaking subjected to bubbles will be grasped, in order to reveal the mechanism of ice breaking due to underwater high-pressure pulsating bubbles and provide theoretical and fundamental technical support for the studies on ice breaking by underwater high-pressure pulsating bubbles. The main research contents are as follows. 1) Research on dynamic model and calculation method of near-ice large scale high-pressure pulsating bubble; 2)Research on the dynamic coupling between ice and underwater high-pressure pulsating bubble; 3)Research on the mechanism of ice breaking by underwater high-pressure pulsating bubble; 4)Experimental study on ice breaking by underwater high-pressure pulsating bubble.

北极开发具有极为重要的战略意义，而其中的破冰问题是制约北极开发的关键技术之一，本项目拟研究一种新的破冰方法，即水中高压脉动气泡破冰方法，作为传统破冰方法的补充。为了揭示气泡破冰机理，拟计入流场可压缩性，构建计入应变率效应的冰材料本构方程，依据瞬态流固耦合理论，建立水中高压脉动气泡破冰流固耦合模型，将改进的耦合欧拉朗格朗日算法与近场动力学方法耦合求解该模型，并开展气泡破冰机理性实验验证计算模型的有效性。在此基础上，研究冰层附近气泡运动和载荷特征，探究单个和多个水中高压脉动气泡的破冰特性，掌握气泡破冰规律，揭示水中高压脉动气泡的破冰机理，为水中高压脉动气泡破冰研究提供理论和基础性技术支撑。具体研究内容如下：1）近冰层大尺度高压脉动气泡动力学模型与计算方法研究；2）水中高压脉动气泡与冰流固耦合特性研究；3）水中高压脉动气泡载荷破冰机理研究；4）水中高压脉动气泡破冰实验研究。

近年来，北极资源的开发和北极航道的开辟已成为国际海洋开发的新热点。随着我国海洋强国战略和“冰上丝绸之路”的不断推进，开发安全高效的破冰方法对于极地开发、航道开辟、极地科考和水下发射等科学研究和工程应用具有十分重要的意义。本项目研究了一项新型破冰方法，即利用气泡载荷进行破冰，可以避免冰与舰船结构之间的冲击，消除破冰船燃料污染以及水下爆炸等传统破冰方式造成的化学产物污染。本项目取得的主要研究进展、重要结果、关键数据等及其科学意义如下：.本项目建立了大尺度脉动气泡动力学模型、气泡与冰相互作用流固耦合模型，以及气泡载荷作用下冰结构破坏模型与计算方法，并建立了大尺度脉动气泡机理实验方法，验证了气泡破冰计算模型与方法的有效性。在此基础上，研究了复杂条件下单个/多个气泡辐射冲击波、气泡脉动压力、高速射流等载荷对冰的破坏特性，掌握了大尺度高压脉动气泡破冰规律，揭示了气泡破冰机理，为气泡破冰相关研究提供了理论和基础性技术支撑。.在该国家自然科学基金的资助下，在 《Journal of Fluid Mechanics》、《Physical Review Fluids》、《Physics of Fluids》等期刊发表学术论文17篇，其中SCI检索14篇，EI检索3篇，授权发明专利6项，登记软件著作权4项。研究成果支撑获得全国创新争先奖、科学探索奖、全球前2%科学家榜单、中国高被引学者等奖项，研究成果在水中气泡破冰、深海探测等领域具有重要科学和工程价值，并应用于大型舰船抗冲击、深海勘探等研究领域之中。