区域大气污染源优化减排分级技术原理研究

The regional combined air pollution is very complicated and serious currently in China. This problem restricted the sustainable development of social economy and imposed serious threats to human health, which makes continuous improvement of air quality become an urgent environmental issue. The key to develop scientific and effective air pollution reduction measures is identification of the key emission sources and species that cause high concentrations of combined air pollution. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region with the most serious combined air pollution was chosen to be the demonstration area in this study. Based on systemic analysis of regional multi-pollutant emission inventory with high spatial and temporal resolution, environmental and meteorological observation data, and numerical simulation technology, this study intent to reveal the internal response relationship between the various pollution emission sources and the combined air pollution formation. Furthermore, this study carry out research on sensitive sources and areas which have more influence on target area, and identify the key influence factor and species which cause the rising of combined air pollution concentration. Then the optimal control and classification technology of regional air pollution will be established in order to provide systematic theory basis and technology support for making priority control classification of atmospheric pollution sources and optimized emission reduction strategies. The results is of great significance to promote the atmospheric pollution control turn into the scientific and effective emission reduction and achieve the rapid and effective improvement of regional air quality.

我国区域大气复合污染问题十分复杂且形势严峻，严重制约社会经济的可持续发展，威胁人民群众身体健康，大气环境质量持续改善是当前迫切需要解决的环境问题。制定科学有效的大气污染源减排措施的关键在于弄清楚形成高浓度复合污染的重要污染源和关键物种。本研究选择大气复合污染最为严重的京津冀地区作为研究案例区域，基于区域多污染物种、高时空分辨率污染源排放清单、环境与气象综合观测数据系统分析以及数值模拟技术，揭示不同类型污染源排放与大气复合污染的非线性响应关系，开展对目标区域空气质量影响大的敏感源和敏感区域的研究，识别分析高浓度大气复合污染形成的重要影响因素和关键物种，研究建立区域大气污染源优化减排分级技术原理，为大气污染源优先控制分级、污染源优化减排方案制定提供重要的理论依据与技术支撑。研究结果对于促进我国大气污染源控制向科学减排、效果减排转变以及实现区域空气质量快速有效改善具有重要意义。

我国区域大气复合污染问题十分复杂且形势严峻，京津冀地区尤为突出，如何制定合理、有效的京津冀地区污染源优化减排方案是改善区域环境空气质量的重要任务。区域大气污染源优化减排分级技术是基于高分辨率排放清单的建立、环境观测、数值模拟、线性规划等多种技术手段的综合运用。本研究基于典型区域高分辨率大气污染源清单完善及复合污染前体物排放特征的系统分析，综合利用气象、环境立体观测、颗粒物化学组分等观测数据，结合数值模拟、敏感源筛选等多技术手段，量化分析了大气复合污染前体物种排放与污染物浓度的响应关系，识别典型区域大气复合污染高浓度形成的关键因素，并综合考虑区域大气污染重要前体物种、敏感排放源、污染源控制潜力、控制成本等因素，建立了区域大气污染源优化减排分级技术原理，提出大气污染源优化减排方案，并在京津冀典型地区进行应用。取得主要研究进展如下：建立了京津冀区域大气环境颗粒物、典型污染源PM/VOCs本地化成分谱、高分辨率污染源排放清单数据库，为重点区域大气污染防治提供数据支撑；构建了区域大气污染源分级技术原理，在京津冀等典型地区开展示范应用，为污染防治提供科技支撑；建立了基于污染源分级技术原理的优化减排技术体系，成功应用于区域大气复合污染防治工作实践，荣获北京市科技进步一等奖。本项目研究成果对于掌握大气高浓度污染成因、关键污染源与前体物种识别、促进我国大气污染源控制向科学减排、效果减排转变以及实现区域空气质量快速有效改善具有重要意义，可为我国下一阶段PM2.5与O3复合污染协同防治提供科学支撑。