汽车涂装废水中慢速可生物降解有机物的颗粒污泥水解机理解析与数学模拟

Due to the presence of aerobic, facultative aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms in aerobic granules, they are suitable for the treatment of refractory organics in the industrial wastewater. The slowly biodegradable organics hydrolysis process is slow and result in a high energy consumption. In this project, based on the understanding of the hydrolysis mechanisms of the slowly biodegradable organism under aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic conditions, an adsorption-hydrolysis-degradation integrated processes using aerobic granules have been proposed. The hydrolysis process of slow biodegradable organics in automobile painting wastewater and the degradation of fast biodegradable organics is separated efficiently using the huge adsorption ability of aerobic granlues. The effluent from the hydrolysis unit is utilized in the degradation unit to reduce the retention time and energy demand. The main research contents include: (1) Cultivation and acclimation of aerobic granule sludge for automobile painting wastewater treatment; (2) Evaluation of adsorption properties of aerobic granule sludge for organics in automobile painting wastewater; (3) Hydrolysis mechanisms and products of the slow biodegradable organics; (4) Evolution of the microbial communities and their relationship with the reactor performance; (5) Simulation the hydrolysis and biodegradation processes of slow degradation organics in the aerobic granule sludge system. The results will provide a new, efficient and energy-saving choice for automobile painting wastewater treatment.

好氧颗粒污泥集好氧、兼氧和厌氧微生物于一体，适于处理难降解有机工业废水, 而慢速可生物降解有机物水解过程缓慢导致能耗较高。本课题在解析好氧、缺氧和厌氧状态下慢速可生物降解有机物水解机理的基础上，优化水解过程工艺参数，构建吸附-水解-降解好氧颗粒污泥处理系统，利用好氧颗粒污泥的絮凝吸附作用对汽车涂装废水中慢速可生物降解有机物和易生物降解有机物进行有效分离，降解单元以水解单元出水中的易生物降解有机物为底物而缩短反应时间以降低能耗。主要研究内容包括：（1）以汽车涂装废水为基质的好氧颗粒污泥的快速培养与驯化；（2）好氧颗粒污泥吸附汽车涂装废水中有机物的特性研究；（3）慢速可生物降解有机物的水解机理及水解酸化产物形态分析；(4)微生物群落结构的动态变化与宏观功能之间的关系；(5) 好氧颗粒污泥水解过程及有机物降解过程模拟。研究成果能够为降低难降解有机工业废水的的能耗提供新的技术路径和科学依据。

汽车涂装废水成分复杂难以处理，其排放控制问题是水处理领域的一个重要课题，而好氧颗粒污泥作为一种特殊的生物聚集体，因其独特的结构和特性对工业废水有较好的处理性能。为探究好氧颗粒污泥对汽车涂装废水的去除特性，通过数学模型分析出颗粒稳定形成的参数条件，并以在进水中逐步增加汽车涂装废水的方式在SBR反应器中培养驯化好氧颗粒污泥，45天左右出现了细小的颗粒，90天时基本实现颗粒化，汽车涂装废水并没有对好氧颗粒污泥产生明显的抑制作用，稳定后的颗粒污泥对汽车涂装废水中COD﹑氨氮﹑磷酸盐的去除率分别为85%﹑95%和65%。采用动态吸附和静态吸附的方式研宄好氧颗粒污泥对汽车涂装废水中有机污染物的初期吸附特性表明好氧颗粒污泥对汽车涂装废水中有机污染物具有一定的初期吸附能力，且过程是一个以物理、生物、化学吸附三者共同作用的复杂过程。在颗粒污泥水解试验中说明了颗粒污泥水解酸化汽车涂装废水是有效果的，废水中的污染物得到少量去除，出水可生化性有所提高，水解后的汽车涂装废水经过好氧颗粒污泥的降解具有显著地污水处理效果。好氧颗粒污泥水解过程及有机物降解过程的模拟能够为处理难降解有机工业废水领域提供新的技术路径和科学依据。该资助项目成果已在刊物发表论文8篇，其中SCI论文4篇，并发表发明专利2篇。