基于RAFT光引发聚合的聚合诱导自组装体系的构筑

Polymer nanomaterials have been widely used in various areas, such as biomedicine, electronic device, nanoreactor, gas adsorption and separation. Compare to the traditional self-assembly method, polymerization induced self-assembly is a more facile approach to prepare polymer nanomaterials with a high solids content. The current research on polymerization induced self-assembly is mainly focused on thermal initiated radical polymerization, thus the reaction time is long and the reaction temperature is high, which will restrict the further application of polymerization induced self-assembly. In this project, we will combine photoinitiating technology with polymerization induced self-assembly, and construct a new kind of polymerization induced self-assembly based on photointiated polymerization. Due to the use of photoinitiating technology, this method will have several advantages, such as low temperature and short reaction time, which can solve the problems derived from thermal initiated radical polymerization. Based on this new method, various polymer nanomaterials such as environment-responsive polymer nanomaterials, protein-polymer nanomaterials conjugates will be synthesized. This project is significative both on theoretical research and applications.

聚合物纳米材料广泛应用在生物医药、电子信息、纳米反应器、气体吸附分离等领域。聚合诱导自组装是合成聚合物纳米材料的新方法，与传统的自组装方法相比具有明显的优点，如反应固含量高、操作简便等。目前聚合诱导自组装的研究以热引发自由基聚合为主，但是由于热聚合的特性，这种组装体系在合成单分散囊泡以及生物相关材料等方面受到一定限制，并且反应速度也比较慢。本项目把光引发聚合与聚合诱导自组装结合起来，构筑一种新型的光引发聚合诱导自组装体系，利用光引发聚合低温、快速以及光控等特点解决目前聚合诱导自组装存在的问题。从而实现在常温及低温下快速制备多种形貌的聚合物纳米材料、各种响应性聚合物纳米材料以及蛋白-聚合物纳米材料偶联体等。该项目的研究无论从学术或者实际应用的角度来说都是一项很有意义的工作。

聚合物纳米材料在催化、纳米反应器、药物运载等领域都有广泛的应用，因此是目前高分子领域的研究热点。聚合物纳米材料主要是通过溶液自组装的方法制备的，固含量低（<1%）并且操作复杂，不利于工业化应用。近年来，聚合诱导自组装（PISA）的发展为大规模制备聚合物纳米材料提供了新的思路，聚合物固含量可以高达50%，但是大部分的PISA都是通过热引发聚合进行的，对于热敏性及生物功能聚合物纳米材料的制备是不利的。本项目主要是把光引发聚合低温、快速等优点与PISA结合，构建新型的光引发聚合诱导自组装（photo-PISA）体系，以photo-PISA为基础合成热敏性及生物功能聚合物纳米材料。以photo-PISA为基础，进一步发展了新型的聚合诱导自组装体系，包括酶辅助photo-PISA体系、Z型macro-RAFT试剂调介photo-PISA体系及均聚物/嵌段共聚物聚合诱导自组装体系。该系列工作为明确聚合诱导自组装的机理提供了有效可行的方法，有利于系统研究其物理与化学基本问题，为实现聚合物纳米材料的结构、功能性调控及其在新材料、能源环境、生物医用等领域的应用提供新策略。