黑果枸杞无性成苗的生态过程及生殖选择研究

Lycium ruthenicum is a specific medicinal plant in the western desert region of china. Because of the strong salt and drought tolerance, which is also a eocological plant in sand fixation, water and soil conservation and salinization governance. It is widely distributed in the northwest saline desert zone in china and play an important role in ecological environment protection and economic development. In this project, sample plots will be set along environment gradient from middle reaches of Heihe river temperate arid zone to lower of Heihe river extreme arid desert area. By typical field investigation and laboratory experiment, focused research the ecological process of vegetative propagation and reproductive choice in the nature condition. Analysis the ramets expand mode, ramets number and sprouts characteristic. The clone age structure, the clone distribution pattern and growth conditions. The kind, content and ratio of endogenous hormone in the sprouting buds and dormant buds under cutting root and stumping. Measure the growth condition, age structure, basal area, photosynthetic paramete and water parameter of the different origin seedlings. Clarifing the vegetative propagation potential of L. ruthenicum and its relationship with environmental factors, the relation of asexual reproduction capacity and endogenous hormone, sexual reproduction and vegetative propagation to L. ruthenicum population regeneration and its relationship with environmental factors . Propose the countermeasures to promote reproduction of L. ruthenicum population. In order to provide scientific basic for the recovery of L. ruthenicum.

黑果枸杞是我国西部特有的荒漠药用植物，也是防风固沙、水土保持和盐渍化治理的优良生态树种，广泛分布于我国西北荒漠区，对该区域生态环境保护和经济发展发挥着重要作用。当前野生资源破坏严重，种群数量减少，已被列为重要保护植物。本研究沿环境梯度从黑河流域中游温带干旱亚区至下游荒漠极端干旱亚区设置固定样地，通过典型样地调查及室内实验，重点研究天然条件下黑果枸杞无性成苗的关键生态过程及生殖选择，分析黑果枸杞分株扩展方式、分株数量及萌苗特征；无性系年龄结构、无性系分布格局及无性系生长状况；断根、平茬处理下，休眠芽和萌动芽内源激素的种类、含量及比值；不同起源幼苗的生长状况、年龄结构、基面积、光合参数、水分参数，阐明黑果枸杞无性繁殖潜力及其与环境因素的关系，无性繁殖力与内源激素的关系，有性生殖和无性繁殖对种群更新的贡献及其与环境因素的关系，提出促进黑果枸杞种群繁殖潜力的措施，为黑果枸杞种群恢复提供科学依据。

黑果枸杞是我国西部特有的荒漠药用植物，也是防风固沙、水土保持和盐渍化治理的优良生态树种，广泛分布于我国西北荒漠区，对该区域生态环境保护和经济发展发挥着重要作用。当前野生资源破坏严重，种群数量减少，已被列为重要保护植物。该物种具有性生殖和无性繁殖两种方式，本课题通过室内实验和固定样地调查，对黑果枸杞种群特征、无性繁殖及生殖选择研究进行了深入研究，主要研究成果包括：黑果枸杞种群年龄结构在水渠边、农田地埂和盐化沙地生境呈进展型，在盐碱荒地呈衰退型。水渠边、盐化沙地、盐碱荒地生境黑果枸杞种群均以无性繁殖为主。地埂、渠边生境黑果枸杞无性繁殖以根基萌苗为主，而盐化沙地、盐碱荒地黑果枸杞无性繁殖以根系萌苗为主。在黑果枸杞平茬复壮的过程中，5cm高度的伐桩最有利用萌芽。如果采取断根复壮措施，应选择在地下15cm处断根，最有利用黑果枸杞萌芽。 .不同生境黑果枸杞种群占据空间的能力有差异，农田地埂生境充足的水分和适宜的盐分有利于黑果枸杞种子的萌发和实生苗的定居，因此，该生境黑果枸杞实生苗占据优势。但在土壤水分条件较差、含盐量较高的盐碱荒地、盐化沙地生境黑果枸杞萌生苗占据优势。.ABS/RC、DI0/RC和TR0/RC值水渠边生境与其他三个生境差异显著。说明农田地埂生境下的黑果枸杞幼苗光能向活跃化学能转变效率高。除盐化沙地生境外，其他三个生境的3小时叶片水势变化程度都是萌生苗＞实生苗。.农田地埂生境可以通过对幼龄个体的抚育间伐减少幼龄个体对水分、营养的竞争来降低其种群在幼龄期的死亡率。盐碱荒地生境下的黑果枸杞种群幼苗库数量严重不足，应适当补充幼龄个体才能使该种群在盐碱荒地生境下达到稳定。.水渠边、盐化沙地和盐碱荒地生境这三个生境应通过补播的方式提高实生苗的数量，防止种群衰退。农田地埂生境的盖度高达95%，适当去除杂草，保证幼苗有效吸收光能。