高速公路匝道区域驾驶负荷因素分析及其调控方法

Highway ramp area is a crash high rate district, the crash number accounts for about 40% of the total number of crashes. However in 41% of highway crashes drivers are not clearly illegal driving , but because drivers failed to correct understanding of the driving environment. The driving environment in ramp region is complex; it is hard to handle the large amount of information. Various factors disorders between human - vehicle - road is considered as the main cause of accidents. Although there are researches using statistical methods to analyze ramp area accident causes; however, the mechanism of ramp region accident remains unclear. This project peropose to research the ramp regional traffic safety issue from a driver psychological vision, use driving load to explain highway crash causes. In this project, driving simulator and vehicle driving experiments are employed to extract driving load quantitative evaluation indicators from the driver's driving behavior, physiological and psychological parameters. Different scene are designed to carry out experiments to analyze the main factors of the highway exit ramp affect driver's load. Drivers' driving load relieve control methdology will be also studied based on the impact analysis. The research work is essential to clarify highway ramp area driving load mechanism and to reveal the real impact factors of accident in a complex environment. The research results can be widely used to guide traffic safety design for the highway ramp area.

高速公路匝道区域事故多发，事故数占全线事故总数40%左右；高速公路41%以上事故驾驶人并无明显违法，而是驾驶员未能正确认知外部环境。匝道区域驾驶环境复杂，处理信息量大，人-车-路之间各因素失调被认为是交通事故的主要致因。目前虽有研究运用统计学方法分析匝道区域事故致因，然而匝道区域事故产生机理仍不明确。本课题从驾驶人心理学角度对匝道区域交通安全问题开展研究，提出运用驾驶心理负荷解析事故的产生原因；运用模拟驾驶和实车驾驶实验方法开展心理学实验，运用模式识别方法从驾驶员驾驶行为和生理心理参数上提取驾驶负荷定量评价指标；设计不同场景开展实验，运用主成份方法和多元回归方法分析高速公路出口匝道影响驾驶员驾驶负荷的主要因素，并研究驾驶负荷调控方法。本课题研究对于阐明高速公路匝道区域驾驶负荷产生机理，揭示复杂环境下事故真正影响因素具有现实意义。研究成果能够广泛用于指导高速公路匝道区域交通安全设计。

本课题以高速公路匝道区域为研究对象，以驾驶负荷为研究目的，深入分析了驾驶负荷因素演化机理，提出了基于驾驶负荷的一系列调控方法与模型。课题组运用模拟驾驶和实车驾驶实验，在驾驶员驾驶行为和生理心理参数上提取驾驶人心理负荷定量评价指标；设计不同道路交通场景开展实验，运用主成份方法和多元回归方法分析影响道路驾驶员心理负荷的主要因素；项目提出能定量评价道路交通驾驶负荷的实验方法，筛选出评价驾驶负荷的生理心理指标，以及道路交通环境下影响驾驶员心理负荷的主要道路及环境因素。通过实车实验证明所提的方法准确率良好。本课题研究对于阐明道路交通环境下心理负荷产生机理，揭示复杂环境下事故真正影响因素具有现实意义。