极端条件手征物质的新形态和反常输运的研究

Strongly interacting matter under extreme external conditions such as strong magnetic fields or global rotation exhibits unusual properties. In particular, the interplay between microscopic quantum anomaly of chiral fermions in the system and the external conditions could macroscopically induce nontrivial new phase structures as well as anomalous chiral transport phenomena such as chiral magnetic and vortical effects. The scientific goal of this proposal is to use a variety of theoretical tools, including finite temperature field theory, AdS/CFT correspondence, and relativistic anomalous and viscous fluid dynamics, to investigate such new phases and anomalous transport phenomena. Specifically the proposal will address the following problems: to map out the multi-dimensional phase structures of QCD matter under strong magnetic fields, global rotation, and finite chiral charge in addition to usually considered finite temperature and baryon density; to develop an anomalous viscous fluid dynamical framework that consistently incorporates higher order effects as well as chiral charge dissipative dynamics due to gauge field topological fluctuations and finite mass; to establish a phenomenological modeling tool based on anomalous viscous fluid dynamics for quantitatively computing experimental signals of anomalous chiral effects in heavy ion collisions. These results will enrich and deepen our understanding of QCD phase structures, will particularly provide essential theoretical pivot support for the search of anomalous chiral effects in heavy ion experiments in the next five years, and will bear important multidisciplinary impact for physics research on early universe magnetic fields, compact stars as well as Dirac/Weyl semimetals.

在极端外条件如强磁场／转动下，强相互作用物质会显现出独特性质。特别是手征费米子的微观手征反常与外场条件的互动，可在宏观层面衍生出新的物态与相结构，并诱导手征反常输运现象。本项目将综合运用有限温度密度量子场论、AdS/CFT对偶全息方法、相对论反常粘滞流体力学等工具深入研究极端条件下强作用物质的新形态和反常输运现象，并集中攻关如下问题：构建在强外磁场、转动、有限手征荷密度、有限温度及重子化学势等下QCD多维立体相结构；发展包含手征反常输运和规范拓扑涨落等手征荷耗散的自洽高阶反常粘滞流体力学理论框架；在此基础上建立针对中高能重离子碰撞中手征输运效应的唯象模拟工具并对相关实验信号作定量研究。该研究将极大丰富和推进对QCD相结构的认识，特别是对未来数年重离碰撞实验中寻找手征反常输运效应提供必需的理论支持，并对早期宇宙磁场、致密天体、狄拉克／韦尔半金属材料等领域具有跨学科的重要意义。

本项目的科学目标是综合运用有限温度密度量子场论、AdS/CFT对偶全息方法、相对论性反常粘流体力学等理论与唯象工具来深入细致研究极端外场条件下强作用物质的新形态和反常输运现象。在基金委资助下，本项目的研究工作进展顺利，我们课题组在本基金资助下共发表SCI论文近百篇（其中本专业影响因子较大的国际重要期刊约80篇），达到了预期目标。主要进展有：我们发展了反常流体框架，并对同质异位素核碰撞中手征磁效应的信号进行了研究；发展了了带角动量的相对论粘性流体动力学和描述自旋输运的动理论和手征征费米子的量子输运理，得到了源于高密有效理论的手征动理论；率先计算了手性磁效应的三圈修正和非静态轴化学势的手征磁效应； 另一方面， 我们构建了在强外磁场、转动、有限温度及重子化学势等新极端条件下QCD的多维相结构；得到了有旋转的同位旋核物质的新相图；研究了QCD状态方程与中子星结构以及全息QCD相变的引力波。我们系统地研究了新极端条件下夸克物质性质， 如重夸克势和谱函数等重要物理量。..在本基金资助下，我们还组织和参与了多次学术研讨会，与国内外相关专家开展了大量交流和合作。此外，我们还指导了数位博士后和博士研究生的科研工作。.这些研究极大丰富和推进了对QCD相结构的认识，对重离碰撞实验中寻找手征反常输运效应提供必需的理论支持，并对早期宇宙磁场、致密天体、狄拉克／韦尔半金属材料等领域具有跨学科的重要意义。