磁流变智能阻尼系统对高速列车的临界速度及稳定性影响研究

The traditional passive damper may lose effect when a high-speed train travels at a critical speed, because the parameters of the passive damper are not adjustable. Thus in order to improve the safety of high-speed trains, it is crucial to find a vibration control solution which is adjustable, controllable, and stable. In this proposal, a smart damping system based on magnetorheological (MR) dampers is presented for improving the dynamic behavior of the high-speed train. MR damper is a typical semi-active vibration controller, which has been widely applied on many fields. In order to reveal the mechanisms of vibration control of high-speed trains by MR dampers and provide theoretical guideline for smart damping system design, this project will comprehensively study the influences of smart damping system on the critical speeds and stability of high-speed trains by analyzing the dynamic behavior of high-speed trains with MR dampers. The theoretical model of MR dampers will be validated by experiments and the relationship between damping force and the parameters of MR dampers will also be derived based FE and theoretical analysis.

传统被动式阻尼器由于自身参数不可调节，当列车行驶速度提升到一定值时，面临着失效的风险。因此寻求一种参数可调，易于控制，稳定性好的振动控制方法是增加高速列车安全性能亟需解决的问题。本课题提出利用磁流变阻尼器这一典型的半主动控制设备，研制开发针对高速列车的智能阻尼系统以提升列车动力学安全性能的概念。本项目利用测试装置及试验台架上进行磁流变阻尼器的动态响应特性实验分析，对磁流变阻尼器理论模型进行实验验证；基于有限元及物理建模，推导磁流变阻尼器的设计参数与阻尼力之间的关系，为磁流变阻尼器设计提供指导；通过建立磁流变阻尼器理论模型及列车动力学建模分析列车在直行，弯道，桥梁，弹性轨道上的动力学响应特性，系统地研究磁流变智能阻尼系统对高速列车横向及纵向临界速度及稳定性的影响，得出磁流变阻尼器设计需求。从而揭示磁流变智能阻尼系统对高速列车的减振机理，为高速列车用智能阻尼系统提供设计的理论指导。

本项目研究并证明了磁流变技术对高速列车稳定性提高的可行性。项目首先系统地研究了高速列车一系和二系悬挂系统各参数对列车的动力学稳定性的影响。灵敏度系数研究表明悬挂系统的刚度和阻尼部件对列车的临界速度有影响，其中一系纵向刚度和二系横向阻尼对列车的临界速度影响最大。通过仿真和滚振实验证明在合适的控制算法下，磁流变技术能有效地提高列车的临界速度，增加列车的稳定性。项目还系统地研究了磁流变技术对高速列车在弯道上的动力学影响。研究发现磁流变技术能效地提高列车在弯道上的舒适性和稳定性，减少轮对的磨损。项目最后研发了多款磁流变减振器，发明了既具有变刚度能力又具有变阻尼能力的磁流变减振器。项目组发表了多篇SCI论文申请了多项专利, 其中“Improving the critical speeds of high-speed train using magnetorheological technology”获得业内权威期刊《Smart Materials and Structures》上获得期最佳论文，封面论文和年度最佳论文。