Janus三维纳米多孔膜的离子传输性质研究及在盐差发电器件中的应用

Electricity can be directly generated from the osmotic pressure difference between seawater and fresh water, termed as blue energy. It is receiving increased attention recent years, for it is considered as a renewable and environmentally benign energy source. However, the conventional membrane used for this application is limited by the inadequate mass ion stream and poor conversion efficiency. This Project aims to develop new porous membrane to design a more efficient osmotic power generator. To achieve this goal, a facile way to assemble robust and large-scale polymeric membrane with 3D pores will be developed. And the fundamental under-mechanism of ionic transmembrane property across Janus membrane in confinement-nanoscales environment will be studied..In this Project:.(i).Develop new nanofabrication methods to prepare porous membrane with controlled and tunable 3D pore size and charge density. A series of copolymers (ionomers) bearing different volume of pendants and charges will be designed and synthesized..(ii).Design and prepare Janus membrane to achieve ionic diode property and study fluid dynamics at nanoscale. Explore how the transmembrane current density depends on the pore size, charge density and membrane thickness; and then build theoretical model..(iii).Construct high-performance osmotic power generators with the goal to achieve a power density up to 5 W/m2 in requirement of industrial energy production..This new-generation membrane will advance the knowledge base in nanotechnology and design of advanced membranes contributing advanced manufacturing capability of China and commitment to developing sustainable energy technologies.

盐差发电作为清洁的、有巨大储值空间的可持续发展的"蓝色能源"，是将海水和淡水之间的渗透压差形成能量直接以电能的形式转换出来。该能量在我国有很高的储值量，开发此能源将缓解我国的化石燃料和环境污染压力。但是受制于传统膜的低转换效率"及低输出功率，以膜为基础的盐差发电器件都很难大规模的应用。本项目旨在解决这个难题，以二极管式的Janus三维纳米多孔膜为基础，设计制备大面积高性能的盐差发电器件，以期达到具有工业应用水准的输出功率5W/m2。本项目设计制备孔径/电荷密度可调控的3D多孔膜以及Janus三维纳米多孔膜; 研究在盐差发电能量转换过程中，离子在多孔膜的界面上的输运行为；构筑高转换效率和输出功率的盐差发电器件。本项目将工作的展开将拓展和加深人们对纳米多维度材料设计的认识，以及离子在界面行为理解，促进纳米材料在能源转换材料的开发应用；高性能的能源器件的开发将促进我国能源优化，促进经济发展。

盐差发电作为清洁的、储量巨大的可持续发展的“蓝色能源”，是将海水和淡水之间的渗透压能量直接以电能的形式转换出来。该能量在我国有很高的储值量，开发此能源将缓解我国的化石燃料和环境污染压力。但是受制于传统膜的低转换效率及低输出功率，以膜为基础的盐差发电器件都很难大规模的应用。本项目重点研究“超高离子浓度下的仿生离子通道的离子定向传输”这一科学问题，以三维（3D）多孔膜为基础，制备出一系列系列结构的大面积高强度的Janus三维纳米多孔膜（高电荷密度+小孔），并在此基础上构筑了3D盐度自适应网络聚合物。该项目成功将跨膜离子传输引入到以聚合物为主体的3D纳米多孔膜体系中，打破了浓度对于整流效应的限制，实现了高离子浓度离子定向传输和现实环境下的能量转换体系的离子调控，构筑了高盐环境中高输出功率的盐差发电器件，最大功率密度从1.44 W m-2突破到48.05 W m-2。相关研究成果发表在国际材料领域著名期刊Sci. Adv. Adv. Mater. Adv. Energy Mater. Adv. Funct. Mater. Joule. Matter. ACS Nano. Nano Today. J. Mater. Chem. A等。本项目对工作的展开将拓展和加深人们对纳米多维度材料设计的认识，以及离子在界面行为理解，促进纳米材料在能源转换材料的开发应用；高性能的能源器件的开发将促进我国能源优化，促进经济发展。