基于三维剖面的滑翔飞行器机动覆盖区域生成与自适应弹道规划

Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to strike a wide range of targets and obtain a feasible trajectory with highly constrained and complex missions when the angle of attack profile is pre-given, the project will carry out research on the generation of maneuvering footprints and adaptive trajectory planning method based on the three-dimensional acceleration profile for gliding vehicles. Firstly, on the basis of constructing the maneuvering capability analysis and trajectory planning model of gliding vehicles, the analytic prediction method of gliding trajectory based on three-dimensional acceleration profile and the fast generation method of landing footprints considering motion coupling are studied. Subsequently, in order to reveal the influence mechanism of maneuvering mission requirement and flight environment on the maneuvering ability of gliding vehicles, the approach of maneuvering footprints generation with waypoint and no-fly zone constraints is studied based on dynamic inverse method, and the error propagation characteristics under the influence of uncertainty factors are analyzed by using generalized polynomial chaotic expansion theory. Finally, in order to solve the problem of feasible ballistic generation of different missions, a three-dimensional profile adaptive planning method with lateral profile priority design and a three-dimensional profile optimization strategy to meet the needs of highly constrained complex missions are studied. The research results will promote the improvement of the maneuverability of gliding vehicles, promote the application and development of three-dimensional profile planning, multi-objective optimization design and other theories in the field of trajectory planning, and provide theoretical basis for the research of the trajectory planning and guidance problems of hypersonic vehicles.

针对攻角剖面事先给定的传统方法难以实现广域目标灵活可达和完成强约束复杂飞行任务的难题，项目研究基于三维剖面的机动覆盖区域生成与自适应弹道规划方法。首先，在构建滑翔飞行器机动能力分析与弹道规划模型的基础上，研究基于三维剖面的滑翔弹道解析预测方法和考虑运动耦合的覆盖区域快速生成方法。然后，为了分析机动任务需求和飞行环境对飞行器机动能力的影响情况，基于动态逆思想研究航路点和禁飞区约束的机动覆盖区域生成方法和利用广义多项式混沌展开理论分析不确定性因素影响下的误差传播特性。最后，针对不同飞行任务的可行弹道生成问题，提出侧向剖面优先设计的三维剖面自适应规划方法和满足强约束复杂飞行任务需求的三维剖面优化策略。研究成果将促进滑翔飞行器机动能力的提高，推进三维剖面规划、多目标优化设计等理论在弹道规划领域的应用与发展，为高超声速飞行器弹道规划与制导问题的研究提供理论基础。

受多种严苛过程约束的影响和强运动耦合关系的制约，传统方法在解决滑翔飞行器目标点大范围变更、强约束复杂任务条件下的弹道生成问题时，存在由于机动能力未能充分释放而无法到达目标点的风险。针对这一问题，以充分发挥飞行器的横侧向机动能力为目标，本项目基于三维剖面开展了三维飞行走廊的建模及机动能力分析、面向复杂飞行任务的三维剖面规划方法、强约束复杂任务的三维剖面弹道优化设计方法以及基于三维剖面的跟踪制导方法等相关技术问题的探讨和研究。.首先，建立了基于三维剖面的飞行走廊模型，并以此为基础分别探讨了确定和不确定条件下表征飞行器机动能力的滑翔终端覆盖区域求解方法以及通过引入极限弹道，获得了航路点禁飞区影响下的机动覆盖区域。其次，针对多样化复杂任务需求的滑翔弹道规划问题，提出了一种基于侧向优先的三维剖面分层规划策略，并结合弹道解析预测模型迭代获得了满足约束的可行轨迹。进一步，针对强约束复杂飞行任务的滑翔弹道优化设计问题，研究了基于序列二次规划方法（SQP）的三维剖面优化设计方法，使生成的弹道同时满足高度剖面约束和航路点禁飞区等复杂飞行任务的要求。最后，针对实际飞行中存在扰动时的弹道跟踪问题，提出了一种基于三维剖面在线更新的跟踪制导方法，进一步提升了三维剖面规划方法的适应性和可行性。.本项目深入探讨了三维剖面弹道规划与制导方法的必要性和可行性，丰富和拓展了基于三维剖面的弹道规划思想和方法。项目的研究工作对促进滑翔飞行器机动能力的提高，尤其是对以大范围横侧向机动飞行任务为主的标准剖面弹道规划与制导方法具有一定的理论意义和应用价值。