间歇送风与层式通风耦合下室内动态热环境研究

Buildings account for about 40% of global energy consumption, and HVAC system constitutes more than half of the building energy consumption. In order to reduce the large energy consumption of HVAC system, governments worldwide including China suggest to elevate the indoor temperature set of HVAC system in summer. However, under elevated indoor temperature set, conventional air distribution methods including mixing ventilation and displacement ventilation easily fail to provide satisfactory thermal comfort, which severely hinders the wide application of the aforementioned policy suggestions. The innovative air distribution, stratum ventilation, proposed by the research team of the primary applicant has been proven to be able to maintain thermal neutral and good indoor air quality at elevated indoor temperatures. Meanwhile, compared with steady airflow, dynamic airflow generated by intermittent air supply has potentials to provide better thermal comfort and reduce the risk of sick building syndrome (SBS). Therefore, under elevated indoor temperatures, this project proposes to combine stratum ventilation and intermittent air supply, and improves indoor thermal comfort and air quality by identifying reasonable airflow pattern. It mainly includes three parts: 1) feasible operation strategy identification of stratum ventilation with intermittent air supply, 2) airflow pattern characteristic, and 3) investigations into indoor thermal comfort and key design parameters. The outcomes of this project can theoretically and technically support the wide application of the policy suggestion of increasing the indoor temperature set of HVAC system.

建筑能耗约占全球总能耗40%，而空调系统能耗占建筑能耗的一半以上。为了降低空调系统能耗，包括中国在内的各国政府纷纷倡导提高夏季空调室温。但传统的混合通风和置换通风系统难以在高空调室温下提供满意的热舒适，导致上述行政倡导无法广泛实施。申请人及其所在团队提出的新型气流组织方式–层式通风已被证明能在较高空调室温下提供热中性及良好的室内空气品质。此外，相较于稳态气流，间歇送风产生的动态气流有潜力提升室内热舒适及改善“病态建筑综合症”。因此，本项目提出将层式通风与间歇送风耦合，在高空调室温下，研究通过合理的动态气流分布提升室内热舒适，并确保良好的室内空气品质。主要研究内容包括以下三方面：㈠间歇送风-层式通风可行运行策略研究；㈡间歇送风-层式通风室内气流组织特性研究；㈢间歇送风-层式通风热舒适确认及关键通风设计参数研究。本项目研究成果可为广泛推行提高夏季空调室温的行政倡导提供理论依据和技术支撑。

申请人基于前期对层式通风的探索研究，提出了一种新的通风模式，即将层式通风与间歇送风耦合。此通风方法的原理是，在层式通风下，将新鲜空气间歇地送到人的呼吸区，在不降低室内空气品质的同时，提升室内热舒适。主要研究内容包括以下四方面。首先，通过实验研究、理论分析，确定间歇送风耦合层式通风的气流组织分布，以及气流动态特性。其次，通过主观调研，探究间歇送风耦合层式通风的热舒适水平，及对传统通风模式下的热舒适提高程度。再次，进行层式通风的参数化研究。最后，通过实验研究、数学建模，进行层式通风系统的节能优化。本项目研究成果可为广泛推行提高夏季空调室温的行政倡导提供理论依据和技术支撑。