地理格局及生态驱动揭示肉苁蓉品质生态型机理

The quality characteristics of Dao-di herbs and its formation mechanism is an importantl scientific issue. Our pilot studies demonstrated that Cistanche deserticola can be divide into Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia tow chemo-ecotypes by chemical compound profiles and psbA-trnH, and the quality variation is related to geographical distribution pattern. Accordingly，we hypothesize that the ecological driving and eco-adaptability under the specific climatic geographic zone lead to quality variation of C. deserticola. The purposes of this project is to further explore the critical ecological driving and eco-strategy of two ecotypes of C. deserticola by combining the spatial molecular ecology,metabonomics, and bioinformatics tools. More specifically, exploring the ecological characteristics by Geographic Information System for Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCMGIS）and evolutionary modeling algorithm; revealing the quality characteristics using Ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) technique; elaborating the effects of mutual benefit parasitic eco-adaptive suites of C.deserticola- Haloxylon ammodendron on quality variation for C. deserticola; developing of simple sequence repeat (SSR) and single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) markers derived from transcriptome sequences and identifying the molecular geographic markers and critical driving eco-factors which related to quality variation. Our study is helpful for screening the excellent germplasm resources，selecting suitable growth location and guiding the good agricultural practices on C. deserticola. In addition, the results of this project are expected to reveal the biological essence of ecotype-variation and eco-adaptation for Dao-di herbs from a new perspective.

道地药材品质特征及形成机理是重要科学难题。申请人前期研究表明肉苁蓉 (Cistanche deserticola)品质分化为新疆和内蒙古两大生态型，且品质差异与地理分布格局相关。据此我们提出假说"肉苁蓉品质变异是在特定气候地理区域生态驱动与适应的结果"。本研究整合空间分子生态学、代谢组学及生物信息学方法,开展其品质变异的生态驱动和生态策略研究。应用中药材生态适宜性TCMGIS集成技术、演化建模等方法探讨生态特征；UPLC-Q-TOF/MS等分析方法揭示品质特征；从梭梭-肉苁蓉互惠寄生的生态适应组合表征诠释对肉苁蓉品质的影响；在已获得的转录组数据基础上开发SSR、SNP标记，分析居群空间遗传变异结构，发掘影响品质变异的分子地理标识，揭示关键驱动生态因子。本研究对肉苁蓉特色药材生产中筛选优良种质资源，适生地选择及GAP规范化种植提供理论基础，为道地药材生态型变异及生态适应的生物学本质提供新视角

道地药材品质特征及形成机理是重要科学难题。本项目提出“肉苁蓉品质变异是在特定气候地理区域生态驱动与适应的结果”这一假说。本研究整合空间分子生态学、代谢组学、转录组学及生物信息学方法，开展肉苁蓉品质变异的生态驱动和生态策略研究。应用中药材生态适宜性 Geographic Information System for Global Medicinal Plants(GMPGIS) 集成技术、演化建模等方法探讨生态特征，结果显示中国、哈萨克斯坦、蒙古为适合肉苁蓉生长的潜在适宜区，年均日照、相对湿度对肉苁蓉生长影响较大；同时对肉苁蓉根部土壤进行微生物多样性分析，揭示其土壤生态特征，结果共产生3541个Operational Taxonomic Units（OTU），盐碱地、草地和沙地三个生境共有1068个OTU，其土壤共有微生物主要分布在节杆菌属(Arthrobacter globiformis)、芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus)、鞘脂单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)等；基于广泛靶向代谢组技术，采用UPLC-MS/MS检测平台，对不同生境的肉苁蓉进行代谢组学分析，并且基于UPLC-Q-TOF/MS 等分析方法揭示品质特征，对不同主产地肉苁蓉苯乙醇苷、多糖等化学成分进行定性定量分析，结果共检测到578个代谢物，通过自建数据库以及多元统计分析相结合的手段探究样品间的代谢组差异，揭示不同生态型肉苁蓉化学组成之间的特有相互关系；通过对不同生境肉苁蓉的转录组学分析，结果共测得 226063909 raw read pairs，鉴定出 1253 个差异基因，对差异基因进行注释、富集分析及聚类分析，挖掘苯乙醇苷类合成相关候选基因，并在已获得的转录组数据基础上开发 SSR、 SNP 标记，分析居群空间遗传变异结构，发掘影响品质变异的分子地理标识，揭示关键驱动生态因子。通过以上研究对肉苁蓉特色药材生产中筛选优良种质资源，适生地选择及 GAP 规范化种植提供理论基础，为道地药材生态型变异及生态适应的生物学本质提供新视角。