黄皮(Clausena lansium)种质资源遗传多样性分析及核心种质构建

Wampee [Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels], belonging to the genus Clausena in the family of Rutaceae, is a tropical and subtropical evergreen fruit crop which was originally native to China. Since the fruit is popular for its delicious taste, essential nutrients and bioactive constituents, wampee is now large commercially cultivated in the southern part of China and enjoys vast development prospects. Although there was a large germplasm resource for Chinese wampee, their genetic background and phylogenetic relationship were poorly known. So far, it still belonged to blank in study on construction of wampee core collection. Previously, nearly 200 genotypes of Clausena lansium from important wampee producing areas in China were collected by our group and conserved at the national depository of wampee germplasm. In this study, SSR marker will be developed to analyze these cultivars, aiming to reveal the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of Clausena lansium in China. Furthermore, based on the molecular data and morphology traits, M strategy and least distance stepwise sampling (LDSS) method will be employed to construct wampee core collections. The results of this study will provide science evidence for effective protection and rational utilization of wampee genetic resources, accelerate breeding process and promote sustainable development of wampee industry in China.

黄皮为芸香科黄皮属植物、热带亚热带常绿果树，其果实风味独特、营养丰富，且具有药用保健功能，深得消费者喜爱，具有广阔的发展前景。我国是黄皮的原产地，种质资源十分丰富，由于长期缺乏系统研究，目前对其遗传多样性水平及种质间的亲缘关系还不明确，尤其在核心种质构建方面的研究尚属空白，不利于育种工作的开展。本项目拟在前期已广泛收集我国各重要产区黄皮资源的基础上，采用SSR分子标记全面揭示我国黄皮种质资源的遗传多样性水平及其亲缘进化关系；在此基础上进一步利用SSR分子标记并结合表型数据，采用M策略和最小距离逐步取样法分别筛选核心样品，并检测这些样品的代表性，最终建立黄皮核心种质库。项目研究结果将为我国黄皮种质资源的有效保护和合理利用提供科学依据，有助于提高优异种质的利用效率，加快新品种选育进程，促进黄皮产业可持续健康发展。

黄皮为芸香科柑橘亚科黄皮属植物、热带亚热带常绿果树，其果实为典型的食药兼用型水果，深得消费者喜爱，具有广阔的发展前景。我国是黄皮的原产地，种质资源十分丰富，然而由于缺乏系统研究，目前对其遗传多样性水平及种质间的亲缘关系还不明确，尤其在核心种质构建方面的研究尚属空白。鉴于当前的研究现状，本项目首次建立并优化了黄皮SSR-PCR反应体系，从黄皮转录组测序获得的68,998条unigene中挖掘获得193个多态性SSR位点，并通过与近缘属甜橙基因组比对，从中筛选出25个均匀分布在基因组上的SSR位点对来源于我国各黄皮主产区的179份黄皮种质进行遗传多样性和亲缘进化关系分析，结果表明我国黄皮种质资源的Shannon多样性系数（I）的变化范围为0.1297~1.0670，平均为0.6648；多态性信息指数（PIC）的变化范围为0.0565~0.5703，平均为0.3490。基于UPGMA的聚类分析可将所有种质分成6大类群，并鉴定了大量的重复种质（同物异名）。对种质进行形态农艺学性状描述、鉴定和品质分析，构建了179份种质78项表型性状数据库，综合利用12项目重要的数量性状以及SSR分子标记数据，构建了包含37份代表性材料的我国黄皮核心种质，核心种质占原始种质库的20.67%，代表性在90%以上。以上结果为后续我国黄皮种质资源的有效保护和合理利用提供了科学依据。通过本项目的实施发表论文4篇，其中SCI收录1篇，国内核心期刊3篇。