基于二极管和天线阻抗控制的高效率宽频带整流天线的研究

At present, the performance of the rectifier circuit has become the key factor to the level of conversion efficiency in rectenna design. Most of the state-of-the-art of rectifier circuits optimize the matching network based on selected diodes. However, such design method limit the realization of the wideband feature of rectenna. In regard to this, in this project, the diode impedance control will be involved in the design. From the fabrication points of view, the key influence factor affecting the impedance of the diode in processing and physical parameters will be deeply investigated and revealed based on combining the analytical calculation, numerical simulations and experimental measurements. Particularly, the physical and behavioral model based on physical parameters and fabrication processing will be derived. Additional design freedom of effective impedance control of the diode will be obtained in the rectenna design. Through the dual design freedom of antenna and diode impedance, the wideband of high efficiency rectenna will be achieved. The influence of input signal is also studied in this project from the angel of fabrication and materials of diode. Finally an effective design flow of rectenna with high efficiency and wideband will be proposed, and several prototype samples of such rectennas will be designed and fabricated. The expected results of this project will promote development of high efficiency wideband rectenna for wireless power transmission.

当前，整流电路的性能已经成为整流天线转化效率高低的关键所在。现有设计大多在选定二极管的情况下单纯的进行匹配电路的设计和优化。然而，这一设计思路难以实现宽频带特性。它已经成为阻碍远程无线能量传输发展的瓶颈。鉴于此，本项目把二极管的阻抗控制和优化引入其中，采用理论计算与数值仿真、实验验证相结合的研究方法，从工艺加工和制备的层次去深入的分析影响二极管整流性能的各项参数，准确地描述各参数与加工可控量之间的对应关系，并建立相应的物理及行为模型。从而获取二极管阻抗可控性这一额外的设计自由度，然后通过天线和二极管的双阻抗设计自由度去实现高效整流天线的宽带特性。同时本项目还从工艺和材料掺杂等角度研究输入波形对二极管的整流效率的影响。最终提出一套易于加工和实现的高效宽频带整流天线的设计流程和方法。本项目的预期成果对于促进远程无线能量传输的进一步发展具有重要的科学意义。

该项目重点研究了二极管阻抗控制，结合解析计算，数值模拟和实验测量，深入研究并揭示了影响二极管处理阻抗和物理参数的关键影响因素。本项目已完成以下研究内容：(1) 提出了一种无线能量传输的仿真实验方法，该方法能够方面的分析不同波形的不同距离的辐射能量分布，能够对最强接收点进行验证，从而探究不同波形下不同距离的整流天线的无线能量传输特性。(2) 提出了一种能够自动控制的多负载无线能量传输装置，包括能量发射装置和能量接收装置，此装置对于研究和分析无线能量传输过程中影响效率的因素起到了提高效率的作用。(3) 提出了一种基于空间映射法优化整流天线的方法，通过此方法，可以进一步缩短阻抗匹配优化的时间。(4) 提出了一种基于 Matlab/Simulink 的正弦稳态电路建模和仿真方法，用于控制和观察在不同的输入信号下，整流天线的工作效率。(5) 基于本项目研究成果，在国内外学术刊物及学术会议上共发表学术论文 3 篇，申请国家发明专利 2 项。