超特高压输电线路覆冰舞动防治技术及其基础理论研究

Galloping of iced-conductors seriously endangers the safety of the power grid, while classical galloping mechanism can not explain the actually observed vibration phenomenon perfectly; the great selfweight and multi-conductor of high voltage transmission line make anti-galloping become very difficult. This project is aimed at anti-galloping of ultra or extra-high voltage transmission line and the following researches will be carried out: (1) Develop a wind tunnel aeroelastic model test device for simulating multi-degree-of-freedom galloping, study the aerodynamic damping with the change of the conductor structure parameters; (2) Establish a coupled three-dimensional multi-degree-of-freedom galloping mechanism, improve the accuracy of the galloping criterion; (3) Develop new anti-galloping technologies, i.e., detuning spacer, a new high damping phase-to-phase spacer, anti-galloping viscous damper, and put forward their anti-galloping design theories, arrangements and parameter optimization methods; (4) Develop an anti-galloping viscous damper, establish an indoor model experiment platform and conducted a serious of experiments, determine the equivalent damping and anti-galloping effect of the anti-galloping devices; (5) Establish a simulation method of galloping control for the whole span of transmission line with anti-galloping devices, by considering non-proportional damping and nonlinearity of flexible structure, evaluate the anti-galloping effect of the devices and their influents on the dynamic characteristics of the transmission line; (6) Full-scale measurement and experiment on real transmission line, evaluate the effectiveness of anti-galloping devices and their arrangements, examine the proposed simulation method; The project results would offer economic and reliable technology for anti-galloping of ultra or extra-high voltage transmission line, and provide the theoretical supports for the development of the anti-galloping technical specification.

输电线路覆冰舞动严重危害电网安全，存在经典舞动机理无法解释的现象；超特高压输电线路自重大、分裂数多，防舞难度很大。本课题针对超特高压输电线路开展：（1）研制多自由度覆冰导线舞动气弹模型风洞试验装置，研究舞动气动阻尼随导线结构参数的变化规律；（2）建立多自由度耦合的舞动机理，提高舞动判据的正确性；（3）提出失谐间隔棒、新型高阻尼防舞相间间隔棒和粘滞阻尼器的防舞设计理论和结构布置、参数优化方法；（4）研制防舞粘滞阻尼器，建立室内模型试验平台进行系列试验，测定防舞装置等效阻尼比，评定其防舞效果；（5）建立带防舞装置的非比例阻尼柔性非线性整档线路的风致舞动控制的仿真计算方法，评价防舞效果及其对线路结构动力特性的影响；（6）进行真型线路试验研究，评估防舞装置及其布置方案的有效性，检验仿真计算方法。项目成果为超特高压输电线路提供经济可靠的舞动防治技术及其应用基础理论，为相应技术规范制订奠定基础。

本项目研究在理论研究、数值模拟、风洞试验和现场监测方面均有所突破。理论研究方面，基于矩阵摄动法得到覆冰分裂导线竖向-水平向-扭转向三自由度和多自由度耦合的舞动稳定性判断条件式，提出更符合实际的舞动机理，相较于Den Hartog和Nigol机理所得到特征值单自由度解，舞动判定更加合理。试验方面，针对超特高压输电线路开展多工况的节段气弹模型舞动动态测振风洞试验，深入研究不同线路结构动力特性的导线起舞条件、舞动幅值、舞动气动负阻尼变化特性；构建了室内大比例导线-粘弹性电涡流阻尼器缩尺模型，通过试验验证阻尼器安装在端部进行减振抑舞的有效性和可行性。数值模拟方面，利用ANSYS软件构建了一套计算效率高、普适性强的覆冰多分裂导线舞动通用有限元计算方法，与理论研究进行对比分析，验证了数值模拟的精确性，系统全面地开展了失谐间隔棒，粘弹性相间间隔棒，回转式间隔棒等防舞装置的防舞效果研究。现场监测方面，对“真型输电线路综合试验线路”进行现场监测，与数值模拟结果进行对比，并针对特定的防舞装置提出改进方案。这些创新和突破，为超特高压输电线路提供经济可靠的舞动防治技术及其应用基础理论，为相应的技术规范制订奠定基础；项目研究成果可望在超特高压输电线路设计和实际线路防舞实践中得到推广应用。