煤矿井下受灾区域的立体异构透地网络信道特性分析与连通优化

The connectivity of the network in the disaster area is the most primary and important problem in coal mine emergency rescue. However, the underground roadway is crisscrossed in three-dimensional space, so the mine disaster environment is rather complex and challenging. The existing emergency networks have encountered bottlenecks. According to the geological structure characteristics of the disaster area, a three-dimensional and heterogeneous through-the-earth network in underground mine is put forward. Non-uniform planar waveguide transmission is used to achieve wireless coverage in the horizontal domain of each working surface, while magnetic induction transmission is used to achieve wireless coverage in the vertical domain of the cross-layer working surface. By means of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, similar environment measurement and similar model experiment, the porous electromagnetic theory and geometric equivalent method on the basis of the conduction conditions of the dielectric plane waveguide are researched. Then a planar multimode waveguide model of inhomogeneous medium is established. Meanwhile, methods of small structure simplification, micro equivalent, large structure simplification and macro equivalent are proposed. The transmission field model of the irregular multilayer medium is then simplified to a transmission field model of a single layer uniform medium. On the above work, the characteristics of the channel can be mastered. After that, by use of the special coupling mechanism between the antenna and the electromagnetic field in the mine disaster area, the connectivity and optimization of the mixed through-the-earth network are studied. During the above research, the unique feature of the structure of underground three-dimensional network will be fully considered, which is local banded and integral reticulated.

受灾区域的网络连通性是煤矿应急救援最为重要的问题。然矿井巷道在地下三维空间纵横交错，受灾环境异常复杂且极具挑战。现有应急网络遭遇瓶颈。针对受灾区域地质岩体构造的横向和纵向电磁层理，提出异构透地网络在煤矿井下的立体空间覆盖研究。利用电磁波非均匀介质平面波导传输机制实现灾区同层作业面的横向连通；利用磁感应透射实现灾区跨层作业面的纵向连通。为此，拟采取理论分析、数值仿真、相似环境测量与相似模型实验相结合的手段，研究基于介质平面波导传导条件的多孔电磁理论和几何等效法，建立井下非均匀介质平面多波模波导模型；提出小结构简化、微观等效至大结构简化、宏观等效的方法，将不规则多层介质的透射场建模简化为单层均匀介质的透射场建模；在此基础上，掌握信道传输特性；针对井下网络局部带状、整体网状的立体结构特点，利用天线场与煤矿井下电磁环境的特殊耦合机制，研究横向电磁波和纵向磁感应混合透地组网的连通性和优化。

矿井巷道在地下三维空间纵横交错。电磁环境异常复杂且极具挑战。灾后应急救援网络在煤矿应用遭遇瓶颈。项目通过信道建模、特性分析和连通性评估，研究了磁感应和电磁波异构透地网络在井下灾区的连通覆盖问题，为透地通信在井下灾后应急救援的应用奠定基础。项目探索了电磁信号在巷道、空腔与煤岩并存的非均匀介质环境的多径传输机制。基于非理想介质的多波模波导通信理论，提出了煤矿坍塌、非坍塌巷道中的电磁波传播模型。探讨了电磁信号的多径衰减特性。研究了煤矿覆盖岩常见介质对磁信号传播损耗的影响。基于磁衰落相关性提出了小结构简化、微观等效的多层地质建模方法。提出了多层地质中的磁信号透射模型。设计了煤矿井下立体异构无线应急通信网络的拓扑结构和拓扑控制算法。利用天线场与煤矿井下电磁环境的特殊耦合机制，研究了横向电磁波和纵向磁感应透地组网的连通性优化问题。提出了电磁设备、磁感应设备的最佳部署策略、覆盖评估方法、动态优化算法和辐射安全监控策略等。