长合成孔径机动目标ISAR高分辨三维成像方法研究

With the growing demand of the high resolution of radar image in practice, the traditional short-time inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging algorithm is constrained by the limited coherent integration time, meanwhile the degree of azimuth resolution improvement is difficult to further meet the requirements of target classification and recognition. The concept of long synthetic aperture is to improve the resolution of image basing on radar imaging mechanism. However, the regular ISAR imaging framework is broken, and the signal processing methods of low order approximation are not suitable any more. To counter the above problems, this program is to research the long synthetic aperture ISAR 3D imaging for maneuvering targets. This program will develop the research on three aspects, long synthetic aperture 3D motion modeling and motion compensation for maneuvering targets, the gesture inversion based on the parameters estimation, long synthetic aperture high-accuracy focusing and 3D imaging with the complex gesture variation of maneuvering targets. And the real data experiments will be used to verity the algorithm validity finally. The research results will provide the theory foundation for implementation and application of long synthetic aperture radar imaging, and also improve the imaging capability and information acquisition capability of future radar system.

随着实际应用中对雷达成像分辨率需求的不断提高，传统的短时间逆合成孔径雷达（ISAR）成像算法受限于有限的相干积累时间，方位分辨率的提升程度难以进一步满足目标分类识别的要求。“长合成孔径”这一概念从雷达成像的机理出发来提高图像分辨率，然而该方法打破了常规的ISAR成像框架，使得传统针对短时间观测的低阶近似的处理方法将不再适用。针对以上问题，本项目重点开展长合成孔径机动目标高分辨三维成像方法研究，主要包括长合成孔径机动目标三维运动建模和运动补偿技术、基于参数估计的目标姿态反演技术以及复杂姿态变化下长合成孔径机动目标精聚焦三维成像方法三部分内容，并最终利用实测数据验证算法的有效性。本项目的研究成果将为长合成孔径雷达成像的工程实现和应用研究提供一定的理论基础，进一步提升未来雷达系统的成像能力和信息感知能力。

本项目针对海面舰船目标探测成像的需求，力求解决长合成孔径超高分辨成像问题，其难点在于信号建模、运动补偿和长时间成像算法。重点完成了长时间舰船三维运动建模、舰船目标三维姿态反演、复杂姿态变化下的长合成孔径时间精聚焦成像等研究内容；解决了长合成孔径舰船目标成像特性分析、舰船目标三维姿态反演等关键问题；取得了技术文件等成果，完成了预定的研究成果。