基于双模血管内超声的易损斑块弹性及周边血流成像研究

The rupture of vulnerable plaque is an important factor in inducing multiple acute cardiovascular events. Accurately characterized the vulnerability of plaques is of great value in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. The internal structural and functional parameters of the plaque and external hemodynamic parameters are closely related to the risk of plaque rupture. Intravascular ultrasound uses high-frequency ultrasound (40MHz) to obtain plaque information at close range. In this project, we will carry out research on new intravascular ultrasound elasticity and blood flow imaging: 1) Design a high-structure coherent gain transducer, and assemble an intravascular ultrasound imaging catheter with forward and side view dual modes; 2) The side-view mode is used to obtain information such as three-dimensional size and elasticity of the plaque; 3) The forward-looking mode is to obtain hemodynamic information such as blood flow velocity and flow around the plaque; 4) Acquire multiple plaque parameters, and analyses the interaction mechanism between the inner wall morphology and the blood flow. Establishes the relationship between plaque vulnerability and the structure and function parameters of the plaque and hemodynamic parameters. By analyzing the internal and external conditions of blood vessel plaques, comprehensive analysis of plaque vulnerability can provide new data for the diagnosis and treatment of clinical blood vessel plaques. The implementation of this project is expected to provide new imaging methods and tools for accurate diagnosis and early prediction of vulnerable plaques in blood vessels.

易损性血管斑块的破裂是诱发多种急性心血管事件的重要因素，精确表征斑块的易损性对心血管疾病的诊断具有重要价值。斑块内部结构和功能参数以及外部血流动力学参数与斑块破裂风险密切相关。血管内超声利用高频超声(40MHz)可近距离获取斑块信息。本项目将开展新型血管内超声弹性及血流成像研究：1）设计高结构协调增益换能器，装配具有前视和侧视双模式的血管内超声成像导管；2）利用侧视模式进行结构和功能成像获取斑块三维尺寸和弹性等信息；3）利用前视模式获取斑块周边血流流速和流量等血流动力学信息；4）通过获取多个斑块参数，研究斑块弹性、内壁形貌以及血流之间的相互力学作用关系，建立起斑块易损性与斑块自身结构和功能参数以及周边血流动力学参数之间的关系。通过研究血管斑块内部和外部的状况综合分析斑块易损性，为临床血管斑块诊断提供新的数据。本项目的实施有望为血管内易损斑块的精确诊断和早期预测提供新的成像方法及工具。

易损性血管斑块的破裂是诱发多种急性心血管事件的重要因素，精确表征斑块的易损性对心血管疾病的诊断具有重要价值。斑块内部结构和功能参数以及外部血流动力学参数与斑块破裂风险密切相关。血管内超声利用高频超声(>40MHz)可近距离获取斑块信息。本项目开展了多个新型血管内超声成像技术研究：1）设计高结构协调增益换能器，装配具有前视和侧视双模式的血管内超声成像导管。利用侧视模式进行血管结构成像，利用前视模式获取血管内血流信息；2）开展了双频率超声换能器的设计与加工，在同一个换能器上集成了两个频率不同的背靠背换能器阵元，可同时支持高分辨率超声成像和高穿透血管内成像；3）为提高血管内组织成像分辨率的方法研究，项目组开展了聚焦型超声换能器设计与加工，以实现在超声声场内的聚焦以提供超声横向分辨率；4）研制了一款双阵元血管内超声换能器，解决了血管内出现非均匀旋转畸变伪像的问题；5）研制了100MHz超高频超声换能器，将血管内超声成像分辨率提高到20微米量级；6）设计了新型声人工结构，是血管内超声换能器的波束聚焦，获取了高横向分辨率超声图像。通过本项目的顺利实施，为血管内易损斑块的精确诊断和早期预测提供了新的成像方法及工具。