仿生超浸润高效油水分离膜的设计与制备

Oil-water separation is highly requested in a wide range of industry and daily life such as petroleum chemical industry and sewage treatment. The traditional methods for oil-water separation still have issues such as low separation efficiency, easy to lose effect, and easy to cause secondary pollution. Therefore, developing separation membranes with high separation efficiency is of great significance. The essence of oil-water separation is the interaction at liquid/liquid/solid interfaces. Starting from this scientific matter, this project aims to develop superwetting materials-based new-type membranes for high-efficient oil/water separation inspired by the superhydrophobic and underwater superoleophobic biological surfaces in nature. Through constructing bionic micro/nano hierarchical structure, to maximize the wettability difference between water and oil on material surfaces and to achieve oil-water separation; Through precisely adjusting the free energy and micro/nano hierarchical structure of membrane surfaces, to realize the separation of non-water liquid/liquid system, thus to expand the application range of the membranes. We will focus on: 1. microporous membranes for high-flux oil-water separation; 2. nanoporous membranes for emulsion separation with high separation efficiency; 3. Membranes for separation of non-water liquid/liquid system. We will reveal the basic principle of the effect of the synergistic interaction of material composition and multilevel structure on oil-water and liquid-liquid separation, and build the corresponding evaluation system for the effectiveness of separation, and finally realize macroscopic high-efficient oil-water and liquid-liquid separation driven by the cumulative effect from enormous microregions. Finally, 3-5 types of membranes that can separate oil-water and liquid-liquid with high flux, high separation efficiency, suitable for complicated environment, and reusable could be successfully achieved.

油水分离在石油化工和污水处理等生产生活的各个领域都有广泛需求，传统油水分离方法存在分离效率低、易失效、二次污染等问题，开发新型高效的油水分离膜意义重大。油水分离的本质是液/液/固多相界面相互作用，从这一科学问题出发，本项目拟从超疏水、水下超疏油等生物表面获得启示，开发基于超浸润材料的新型高效油水分离膜。通过构筑仿生微纳多级结构，使得油、水在材料界面浸润性差异最大化，达到油水分离的效果；通过精确调控膜表面自由能和多尺度结构，实现非水体系的液液分离，拓展超浸润分离膜的适用范围。重点研究：1、大通量微孔油水分离膜；2、高分离效率纳孔乳液分离膜；3、高效非水混合体系液液分离膜。揭示材料组成与多级结构协同作用对油水及液液分离的基本原理，建立相应的效用评价体系，实现大量微区累积作用下的高效宏观油水及液液分离，最终获得3-5种大通量、高分离效率、适用于复杂环境、可重复使用的高效油水分离和液液分离膜体系。

油水分离在石油化工和污水处理等生产生活的各个领域都有广泛需求，传统油水分离方法存在分离效率低、易失效、二次污染等问题，开发新型高效的油水分离膜意义重大。油水分离的本质是液/液/固多相界面相互作用，从这一科学问题出发，本项目从超疏水、水下超疏油等生物表面获得启示，开发基于超浸润材料的新型高效油水分离膜。通过构筑仿生微纳多级结构，使得油、水在材料界面浸润性差异最大化，达到油水分离的效果；通过精确调控膜表面自由能和多尺度结构，实现非水体系的液液分离，拓展超浸润分离膜的适用范围。项目执行期间，开展的主要研究内容包括：1、大通量微孔油水分离膜，利用多孔材料作为基底材料，通过构建具有微纳结构表面结合膜表面特殊化学官能团修饰，实现了快速，大通量油/水混合物快速分离，重点研究了分离过程中分离器件形式以及分离过程中分离膜材料表面耐污染机制；2、高分离效率纳孔乳液分离膜，我们通过构建表面粗糙结构、材料亲水化改性、纳米材料复合及构建超薄膜的方式，增加纳孔乳液分离膜水通量和改善抗污染性能，从而获得能够在复杂环境体系中依据环境变化能够稳定运行的高性能乳液分离膜材料；3、高效非水混合体系液液分离膜，为了拓展超浸润分离膜材料在液液分离体系中的应用，我们将具有低表面能的物质修饰到具有特殊表面结构的基底材料表面，实现了低表面张力差异液体间的分离过程。在项目执行过程中，发表SCI 收录论文62篇，申请17项发明专利（包含两项PCT国际专利），授权专利5项，培养青年科学骨干、研究生16名。