中国湿伞属的系统发育与分类研究

Hygrocybe is the first largest genus in the family Hygrophoraceae and has aesthetic, ecological, economic, and scientific values. Systematic and taxonomic studies are important for recognizing, protecting and utilizing this group. In the world, due to the abundant species, phenotypic plasticity, limited sampling and molecular sequences, its infrageneric classification system is unstable and there are numerous unsolved groups, thus the phylogenetic relationship within the genus remains to be studied; In China, related studies are insufficient , however, previous studies showed that our country has abundant fungal resources of this genus and plays an indispensable position in the world classification system. This project intends to: i) compare the morphological species, ITS and multi-gene phylogenetic species on the basis of extensive samplings, and propose criteria for the definition of species within this genus; ii) to comprehensively analyze the multi-gene phylogenetic framework, morphological characteristics, geographical and ecological information, etc., in order to reveal the genetic relationships among different taxa and present a more natural classification system and the basis for molecular and morphological division; iii) and to make some taxonomical treatments for the Chinese Hygrocybe, point the phylogenetic position of each taxa, and do taxonomical descriptions and revisions. The project will enrich the species database of Hygrocybe and its allied genera in China and even in the world, and will have an important significance for the correct understanding of the life processes and life history of them.

湿伞属是蜡伞科第一大属，具美学、生态、经济与科研价值，系统发育与分类研究对认识、保护和利用该属具有重要意义。在全球，由于种类较多、表型可塑、取样及分子序列有限，该属内分类系统不稳定且有不少系统位置未定类群，属下类群亲缘关系还有待研究；在中国，有关该属的研究相对不足，但已有研究表明中国该属资源丰富且在世界分类系统研究中不可或缺。本项目拟在大量取样的基础上，比较形态种、ITS与多基因系统发育种，提出界定该属物种的标准；综合分析多基因分子系统发育框架、形态特征、地理生态信息等，揭示属下各分类单元间的亲缘关系，提出较自然的分类系统及分子和形态划分依据；对我国该属物种进行分类处理，明确各分类单元的系统发育位置，并对已知种类进行修订和描述。该项目将对丰富我国乃至全球湿伞属的物种数据信息库，对正确理解此类真菌的生命过程和生命历史具有重要科学意义。

湿伞属隶属于担子菌门、蘑菇目、蜡伞科，是一个世界广布的重要蘑菇类群。本项目通过采集、借阅获得了200余份新标本，观察记录了生态和形态特征，获得了多基因序列，构建了系统发育树。本项目期间共发表新种11个，发表SCI论文6篇，培养硕士研究生2名。. 结合形态和系统发育分析结果表明：我国至少有52种湿伞属真菌，是已知数量的两倍；我国该属的5个复合群物种丰富，即尖锥湿伞复合群、鸡油湿伞复合群、绯红湿伞复合群、变黑湿伞复合群、小红湿伞复合群；颜色变化范围是区分物种的重要特征；二型孢子是多次起源的，不应作为分组和亚组的重要特征，相关分类单位应合并；湿伞亚属和假湿伞亚属的划分是合理的，已知伤变色的种类均隶属于前者。本研究还报道了一起发生在贵州惠水县的两人毒蘑菇中毒事件，发表了引起该事件的新种裂盖湿伞，该菌引起的是胃肠炎型中毒。. 本研究对解决湿伞属的分类学、系统学等问题具有较重要的科学意义，对认识湿伞属真菌的物种多样性及毒蘑菇物种具有科学意义，对毒蘑菇中毒预防具有现实意义。