多源激励下的水电机组复合故障解耦和设备损伤评估研究

Dynamic characteristics of hydropower unit vibration excitation is very complex. It is the key to ensure the safe and stable operation of the unit to reveal the failure mechanism of the unit, to suppress the coupling noise interference, to study the multi dimensional vibration decoupling method under complex faults, and to explore the evolution rule of the fault. In this paper, combined with the existing research results, the complex fault decoupling and equipment damage evaluation of hydro generator unit with multi source excitation is studied. First, the multidimensional vibration of multi physical field coupling system of hydro mechanical - Electrical - heat generation, the complexity of vibration conduction in-depth analysis and Research on multi-source excitation unit of complex nonlinear dynamic response mechanism and behavior. Secondly, according to the complex attenuation and mixing effects of the fault excitation source to the vibration characteristics of the unit, the auxiliary control technology of the multi dimension vibration signal noise is studied. Then, consider the fault source vibration characteristics and features of signal unit composite fault mode coupling and uncertainty, the proposed extraction method of Composite Fault decoupling analysis and feature multi vibration coupling. Finally, the quantitative evaluation model for the damage degree of the hydropower generating unit is established to study the evolution of the fault and the degradation trend of the equipment, and experimental tests are carried out to verify the theoretical method. The research results have important practical significance and application value to guide the safe operation and maintenance of hydropower units.

多振源激励下的水电机组动力学特性非常复杂，揭示机组故障机理、抑制耦合噪声干扰、研究复合故障下多维振动解耦方法、探索机组故障演化规律已成为保证机组安全稳定运行的关键。本课题拟结合现有研究成果，开展多源激励下水电机组复合故障解耦和设备损伤评估研究。首先，对水力-机械-电气-热等多物理场耦合系统的多维振动产生和传导进行深层次分析，研究多源激励下的机组复杂非线性动力学响应机理和行为表征；其次，针对故障激励源到机组振动特性复杂的衰减和混合影响，研究耦合噪声干扰下的机组多维振动信号噪声可控辅助分析技术；再次，考虑机组复合故障模式下的故障源振动特性和特征信号的耦联性和不确定性，提出多振源耦合下复合故障解耦分析与特征提取方法；最后，建立水电机组设备损伤程度的量化评估模型，研究故障的演变过程和机组设备的退化趋势，并进行真机测试验证理论方法。研究成果对指导水电机组安全运行与状态检修有重要的现实意义和应用价值。

水-机-电多振源激励下的水电机组动力学特性非常复杂，揭示机组故障机理、抑制耦合噪声干扰、研究复合故障下多维振动解耦方法、探索机组故障演化规律已成为保证机组安全稳定运行的关键。本课题开展了多源激励下水电机组复合故障解耦和设备损伤评估研究。首先，考虑时变非线性油膜力的基础上，建立了贯流式机组不对中-碰摩耦合故障非线性动力模型，研究了不对中量、操作油杂质和受油器径向刚度对系统动力学特性的影响，揭示了多物理场耦合下的水电机组复杂非线性动力学响应机理和行为表征；其次，针对故障激励源到机组振动特性复杂的衰减和混合影响，研究了基于奇异值分解、几何分布相似性等多角度信号降噪算法，提出了研究耦合噪声干扰下的机组多维振动信号自适应随机共振的噪声可控辅助分析方法；再次，考虑机组复合故障模式下的故障源振动特性和特征信号的耦联性和不确定性，提出了基于连续谱峭度解卷积的复合故障分离及若故障检测方法，搭建了基于二维经验模态分解及全矢谱分析的水电机组正交振动信号的特征提取模型，实现了多振源耦合下复合故障解耦分析与特征提取；最后，搭建了基于定量修正层次分析的机组性能评估方法，建立多源广域数据的水电机组故障诊断模型的基础上，研究了考虑动态特性的机组性能预测及不确定性量化分析机制，为机组研究故障的演变过程和机组设备的退化趋势具有一定的指导意义。研究成果对指导水电机组安全运行与状态检修有重要的现实意义和应用价值。