区域典型全氟化合物的环境输入通量、污染特征及生态风险

Emission inventory, environmental behavior and risk effects related to emerging pollutants, such as Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), have been the priority filed of environmental issues, and become a challenge and hot topic worldwide. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS）and Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA）as the two most studied compounds were included in Annex B of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants in May 2009 in terms of their bioaccumulative, persistent, long-distance transmission, and widely distributed features. Short-chained C4-PFASs, such as perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) and perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), have been introduced as substitute compounds for C8-PFASs, leading to the rapidly increased production environmental occurrences in recent years. PFASs have extensive applications, which can be found everywhere in the environment.However, their environmental behavior and risk effects are still not clear. It is of great scientific significance to study their pollution features and effects of ecological risk through field survey, model simulation and control experiment. The applicant’s team has been engaged in ecological risk assessment and management of emerging pollutants for many years. Based on the previous related studies in Bohai coastal region, this project will continuously choose this region given focus on some watersheds with intensive industrial emission of PFASs. Environmental input flow of typical PFASs (e.g. PFOS, PFOA, PFBS and PFBA) will be similated, and further analysis of spatial pattern of source and sink will be conducted as well. Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of PFASs by trophic levels will be analyzed, and the sensitive species and relative indicative characters to PFASs contamination in term of bentonic organisms will be screened and refined. And then, regional ecological risk will be assessed, risk partition will be figured out and risk management will be proposed. The outcomes of the project will provide important scientific support for research on risk assessment and health effects, and will provide signficant viewpoints for effective control over the environmental impacts of emerging pollutants.

全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）和全氟辛酸（PFOA）及其盐类因较强的生物累积性、持久性、长距离传输的特点被列入持久性有机污染物公约，作为替代品的短链全氟丁烷磺酸（PFBS）和全氟丁酸（PFBA）近几年环境中普遍检出，且浓度有上升趋势。由于PFASs应用范围极为广泛，在环境中无处不在，但其环境行为及风险效应目前仍不清晰。申请者近年来一直从事PFASs相关研究，本项目拟在前期研究的基础上，以长链PFOS、PFOA和短链PFBS、PFBAs为例，选择环渤海地区氟化工场地及代表性流域，研究典型PFASs的环境输入通量，解析其污染格局与排放源布局的时空关系，探索其沿营养级的生物富集与放大效应，甄别基于底栖生物的敏感物种及其生物响应机制，开展生态风险评价并建立风险分区，并提出针对不同对象的风险管理模式，为PFASs的风险评价与健康效应研究提供科技支持，也可为国家和地方控制与削减PFASs提供决策依据。

全氟化合物（PFASs）为代表的新型污染物的排放清单、环境行为及其风险效应是国际环境研究的优先方向之一。本项目选择环渤海地区，紧扣PFASs的环境输入通量、污染特征及生态风险等关键科学问题，设计了1）区域典型PFASs的环境输入通量、2）区域典型PFASs多介质分布及源/汇时空关系、3）基于营养级关系的PFASs生物富集与放大效应、4）基于底栖生物的PFASs污染响应及风险评价、5）区域典型PFASs污染控制及风险管理模式等五部分研究内容。取得如下重要结果：（1）黄渤海海域PFASs污染格局及输入通量：依托基金委黄渤海共享航次采集49个样点，收集分析33条中韩入海河流，研究了海水PFASs空间分布格局，基本阐明河流输入通量及源汇关系；（2）滨海城市化区域PFASs空间特征及生态风险：围绕中韩23个滨海城市采集了126个点位的水体、沉积物和临近土壤样品，系统分析了滨海城市化区域PFASs多介质污染特征，以及水体与沉积物之间的分配关系；（3）典型流域PFASs多介质赋存与组分特征：聚焦永定河-洋河流域，研究PFASs多介质空间分布与赋存特征，长链及短链PFASs组分差异化特征；（4）城镇污水处理厂对污染物处理效果及排放通量核算：选择典型流域的6家污水处理厂3类代表性工艺，分析不同工艺对重金属、PFASs、PPCPs的处理效果及排放通量；（5）区域典型PFASs风险分析及风险管控模式：在不同研究尺度风险评价基础上，阐释不同污染物风险排序，提出新型污染物风险管控对策。.通过以上研究，发表论文26篇，其中SCI收录21篇；第一标注论文9篇，提交有关PFASs风险管控的咨询报告1份并被采纳；培养硕士和博士研究生8名，做学术报告16人次。先后组织4次“中韩滨海环境污染与风险评价系列研讨会”（2016-2019），并作为共同Guest Editor，在Chemosphere（2017）、Environmental Pollution（2018）、Environment International（2019）3次组织Special Issue，项目成员获得2018年度中国科学院科技促进发展奖、2017年度山东省科技进步二等奖、2019年度研究生国家奖学金等。圆满完成了项目计划任务和预期目标。