托卡马克等离子体中高能粒子的动理学建模及其在宏观不稳定性实验上的应用

In tokamak plasmas, the interaction between energetic particles and macro-instabilities is a major concern, especially in the future experiments of burning plasmas. The macro-instabilities are most important for causing the anomalous transport of the core energetic particles. The degrade of the confinement of energetic particles can decrease the heating power to harm the condition of ignition. The redistribution of energetic particles reduces the neutral-beam current drive and limits the plasma beta β that can make it difficult to drive a sufficient bootstrap current to reach steady state. In this project, we aim to study the interplay between energetic particles and macro-instabilities by using a linear eigenmode value code of Alfven waves (KAEC) constructed by ourselves. However, the code of present version cannot satisfy the need of the nowadays research with the effects of plasma rotation and shaping that play a crucial role in the mechanism of the interaction as well-known. In order to complete the effects in the code, we model energetic particles with kinetic theory including rotation and shaping and re-develop the code within the framework of the original one. Through the computation of the new version code together with theoretical analysis, the existence and excitation of the macroscopic modes induced by energetic particles are demonstrated and the comparisons of the experimental measurements in HL-2A and EAST devices with the numerical results are analyzed as well as the predictions of the behaviors of macro-instabilities with energetic particles for future devices, i.e. ITER, CFETR and HL-2M are examined.

托卡马克等离子体中快粒子(高能粒子)与宏观不稳定性相互作用的研究备受关注，尤其对于未来燃烧等离子体物理实验。宏观不稳定性是引起芯部快粒子向外扩散的最重要的原因。快粒子约束的变坏，不仅能降低加热效率，危害点火条件和增加第一壁额外热负荷，而且快粒子再分布能减少中性束驱动的电流、降低等离子体比压(等离子体压强与磁压之比)，减少自举电流份额，从而影响稳态运行。本项目拟利用自主开发的非微扰型阿尔芬波本征代码KAEC，研究快粒子与宏观不稳定性相互作用。但是，该代码目前还未包含转动等效应。本项目将在现在KAEC代码基础上，进一步完善快粒子的动理学模型，包含转动效应和位形效应，对代码进行再开发，并辅以理论分析，研究托卡马克装置中的宏观不稳定性行为，研究结果与HL-2A和EAST装置上实验测量结合，进一步理解HL-2A和ESAT装置快粒子行为，模拟计算ITER、CFETR和HL-2M中的宏观不稳定性。

快离子(高能量粒子)与宏观不稳定性相互作用在托卡马克等离子体研究中非常重要。本项目通过通行高能量粒子与宏观不稳定性相互作用的研究，分别发现切向注入中性束离子能够激发托卡马克中低频鱼骨模和新经典撕裂模引起的磁岛扰动能破坏EAST托卡马克中切向注入中性束离子的约束。结果分别对进一步拓展低频鱼骨模激发机制，可能对鱼骨模驱动的离子温度内部输运垒的建立以及对理解束离子的损失机制，可能对中性束离子加热的优化都具有重要意义。本项目还分别基于平衡程序和环向转动的涡度方程理论模型，开发了具有数值平衡和转动效应的KAEC程序，分别计算了DIII-D中反剪切阿尔芬本征模的连续性阻尼和讨论了EAST中转动对阿尔芬本征模的影响。结果对于考虑实际平衡位形情况下转动对阿尔芬本征模的作用具有重要价值。