侧向爆炸载荷下轻质泡沫材料夹芯双圆管结构的动态响应与吸能机理

Due to the demand and application of lightweight porous material sandwich structure in aviation, aerospace and national defense fields, the dynamics response and energy absorption mechanism of the lightweight foam-core cylindrical sandwich tubes under lateral explosive loads are investigated by means of experimental test, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation in this project. Based on the plastic dynamics theory, the analytical model of dynamics response model on metallic foam–core cylindrical sandwich tubes under lateral explosive loads can be established, and typical dynamic deformation/failure models are obtained, and the energy dissipation mechanism of the sandwich tubes and each constituent part of the structure are theoretically analyzed. Furthermore, the energy transmission and attenuation law of stress waves in the metal foam–core cylindrical sandwich tubes are theoretically analyzed, and the effects of structure parameters on the sandwich tubes are investigated. The fluid-solid coupling models of the metallic foam–core cylindrical sandwich tubes subjected to explosive impact wave are built to study the effects of boundary conditions, loading methods, loading conditions (including explosive equivalent, shapes, and positions), relative density of core materials, gradient arrangements of core materials, and geometrical physical parameters of inside and outside tubes on the structure lateral dynamic crushing, dynamic deformation models and energy dissipation. To offer necessary theoretical base and technical support for key engineering structure innovative design in China, each sandwich tubes will be multi-objective optimization designed by using the response surface method.

针对轻质多孔材料夹芯结构在航空航天和国防军事等领域的重大需求与应用，本项目采用实验测试、理论分析和数值模拟相结合的方法研究轻质泡沫材料夹芯双圆管结构在侧向爆炸载荷作用下的动态响应与能量吸收机理。利用塑性动力学理论，建立泡沫金属夹芯双圆管结构在侧向爆炸载荷下动态响应的解析模型，给出其典型的动力变形/失效模式、研究结构整体与各组成部分的能量耗散分配机制；分析应力波在夹芯结构中的能量传递与衰减规律以及结构参数对其的影响；建立炸药爆炸冲击波与泡沫金属夹芯双圆管结构相互作用的流固耦合模型，研究边界条件、加载条件（包括炸药当量、炸药形状以及炸药的安放位置等）、芯层材料的相对密度、芯层材料按梯度排列、内外管的几何物理等参数对结构横向动态压溃、动力变形模式和能量耗散的影响；借助响应面法对双圆管夹芯结构进行多目标优化设计，为我国重大工程结构多功能创新设计提供必要的理论基础和技术依据。

针对轻质多孔材料夹芯结构在航空航天和国防军事等领域的重大需求与应用，本项目采用实验测试、理论分析和数值模拟相结合的方法研究轻质泡沫材料夹芯双圆管结构在侧向爆炸载荷作用下的动态响应与能量吸收机理。利用弹道摆锤系统对金属薄壁圆管与泡沫铝填充管在横向爆炸载荷下的动态响应进行了实验研究，获得了其典型的动力变形/失效模式；通过有限元模拟获得了圆管与填充管的几何参数对其变形/失效模式和跨中挠度的影响规律；基于塑性地基梁模型和模态分析技术，建立了金属薄壁圆管与泡沫铝填充管在横向爆炸载荷下动态响应的解析模型，理论预测与实验和数值模拟结果吻合较好。完成了泡沫铝夹芯双圆管结构在内爆炸载荷下的实验研究，结果发现内外管轴向截面的变形可分为塑性大变形、绕塑性铰运动的刚性截面和无变形边界区域三部分；建立了预测泡沫填充双圆管内爆响应的理论分析模型，给出了内外管中点的初速度与最终挠度；采用Voronoi算法建立泡沫芯层三维细观有限元模型，通过数值模拟获得了芯层材料按梯度排列、内外管的几何物理等参数对其变形模式和能量耗散的影响规律。完成了不同约束条件下泡沫铝夹芯管的外爆炸实验研究，建立了相对应的有限元模型，获得了边界约束条件对其变形失效模式与能量分配机制的影响规律。项目的研究成果可为我国重大工程结构多功能创新设计提供必要的理论基础和技术依据。