调控光场实现超分辨显微成像的理论与方法研究

Optical superresolution microscopy has been widely used in many fields, such as biology, physics and nanotechnology, because of its microscopic observation ability with resolution beyond the diffraction limit. However, some questions, such as complicated system structure, high cost and difficulty in detection for thick sample, have constrained the develoment and application of such technology.To solve these questions, based on the idea of combination of hardware technology and software technology, a superresolution imaging method of an optical microscope by optical field modulation will be studied in the project, which modulates the illumination field using subwavelength micro-nano optical devices to achieve the superresolution imaging, and modulates the imaging field to reconstructure the optical field by use of phase retrieval to ensure the superresolution capacity when observing the thicker sample. Some key questions will be studied as follows: (1)The theoretical model of a superresolution microscope will be established based on vectorial diffraction theories, and the theoretical analysis will be implemented to disclose the physical mechanisms of superesolution imaging.(2)The basic law and design method of subwavelength micro-nano optical devices to modulate the optical field will be studeid.(3) A phase retrieval method will be proposed to reconstructure the optical field correctly with superresolution imaging capacity by modulating the imaging field,which ensures the superresolution performances for detection of thicker sample. (4) The microscopy system will be built up and the experimental verification will be carried out in order to estimate the overall performances of the proposed microscopic method.The research outcomes of the project will provide some new theoretical and technological accumulations for the further research and manufacture of some novel superresolution microscopes which can detect the thicker sample.

超分辨光学显微术因其超越衍射极限的高分辨能力在生物医学、物理学、纳米科学等领域获得了广泛应用，但系统结构复杂、设备昂贵及很难观察较厚样品等问题束缚了该技术的进一步发展和应用。针对这些问题，本项目研究一种调控光场实现超分辨显微成像的方法，软硬结合，利用亚波长微纳光学器件调控照明光场实现超分辨成像，调控成像光场并利用相位恢复方法重建光场，可在观测较厚样品时保持超分辨成像性能。主要研究内容：（1）建立基于矢量衍射理论的超分辨光学显微成像系统模型并进行理论分析，揭示实现超分辨显微成像的物理机制；（2）研究亚波长微纳光学器件调控光场的基本规律和实现方法；（3）研究在超分辨显微成像情况下通过调控成像光场实现光场重建的相位恢复方法，可超分辨显微观测较厚样品；（4）搭建超分辨光学显微成像系统并进行实验研究，评估本方法的总体性能水平。研究成果将为研制可观测较厚样品的超分辨光学显微镜提供新的理论和技术依据。

超分辨光学显微术因其超越衍射极限的高分辨能力在生物医学、物理学、纳米科学等领域获得了广泛应用，但系统结构复杂、设备昂贵及很难观察较厚样品等问题束缚了该技术的进一步发展和应用。过去几年，本项目针对这些问题，研究了一种调控光场实现超分辨显微成像的方法，软硬结合，利用亚波长微纳光学器件调控照明光场实现超分辨成像，调控成像光场并利用相位恢复方法重建光场，可在观测较厚样品时保持超分辨成像性能。取得的主要成果包括：（1）建立了基于矢量衍射理论的超分辨光学显微成像系统模型并进行理论分析，揭示实现超分辨显微成像的物理机制，包括基于轴对称偏振涡旋光束和分数级次轴对称偏振光束的超分辨显微成像方法；（2）研究了亚波长微纳光学器件调控光场的基本规律和实现方法，重点研究了基于SLM的超分辨点阵生成方法，以及基于纳米压印的微纳光学器件制备工艺；（3）研究了在超分辨显微成像情况下通过调控成像光场实现光场重建的相位恢复方法，可超分辨显微观测较厚样品；（4）搭建了超分辨光学显微成像系统并进行实验研究，实现了超分辨显微成像，分辨率低于100nm。项目共发表期刊论文33篇，SCI检索12篇，授权中国发明专利8项、软件著作权3项，发表专著一本，培养研究生8人。研究成果将为研制可观测较厚样品的超分辨光学显微镜提供新的理论和技术依据。