基于三维人工微纳结构实现光学偏振态精密调控的研究

Due to the limitation of physical principles, polarization optical devices based on optical crystals cannot be miniaturized to micro and nano-scale and applied to the integrated optical systems. Therefore, this project intends to study and propose a polarization manipulation solution based on three-dimensional artificial micro-nanostructures. In this project, two-photon polymerization system and electron beam lithography will be applied to fabricate three-dimensional micro-nanostructures; visible-infrared angle-resolved imaging spectrometer system and infrared focal plane array imaging system will be applied to characterize the amplitude, phase, wave vector direction and other optical parameters; computer aided simulation methods and equivalent circuit analytical method will be used for theoretical interpretation of experimental results. Meanwhile, the project will also take advantage of the coupling of electric/magnetic response, the mirroring conjugation method and the multi-wave interference method to deal with the dispersion problem, loss problem and near-field coupling problems in the process of polarization manipulation. Through the implementation of this project, we expect to understand the mechanism of polarization manipulation based on three-dimensional micro-nanostructures. The functions of polarizers, depolarizers, wave plates/retarders, linearly/circularly polarized beam splitters/combiners, et. al. will be achieved and pave the way for the foundation of integrated optics polarization manipulation.

根据光学晶体设计的偏振光学器件由于物理原理的限制无法小型化至微纳米尺度并被应用于集成光学系统。本项目将针对于此开展研究，并从理论和实验上提出一套基于三维人工微纳结构的偏振态调控方案。本项目将利用双光子激光直写和电子束套刻等工艺制备三维微纳结构；利用可见-红外角分辨光谱成像测量和焦平面阵列成像等方法对振幅、位相、波失方向等光学参量进行表征；利用计算机模拟和等效电路方法对实验结果加以理论预测和解释。同时本项目还将利用电/磁响应耦合、镜像共轭和多波干涉等物理方法解决偏振态调控过程中的色散、损耗和近场耦合等问题。我们期望通过本项目的实施，能够清楚的理解三维微纳结构偏振态调控的机制并在可见-红外波段实现起偏、消偏、位相延迟、线/圆偏振的分合束等功能，为集成光学的偏振态操纵奠定基础。

调控光学偏振态在光信息应用领域具有重要意义，传统光学晶体偏振器件由于物理原理的限制在微纳集成化过程中应用受限。传统器件已无法满足微纳光学的发展要求。针对这样的背景本项目开展了一系列理论实验相结合的研究探索，提出并验证了一套基于二维和三维人工微纳结构的光偏振态调控方案。项目研究结果包括：.(1) 开展微纳结构制备科学研究，开发完善了一套基于双光子直写、电子束光刻、高精度多层膜技术的工艺方法，实现了多种维度高质量微纳样品的制备；.(2) 研究了三维微纳结构的多自由度复合，由此实现了可调多功能宽带偏振调节器的原型；.(3) 研究并提出超构表面二元几何位相原理，利用多层超表面实现了宽带偏振相干分束功能；.(4) 在电子束激发表面等离激元系统中利用指示剂法对表面等离激元的传播进行了实验验证并实现了不同频率的传播分束；.(5) 研究了表面等离激元阴极荧光的偏振辐射物理机制和调控方案；.(6) 利用三维纳米结构实现基于偏振依赖吸收的光编码和显示方案并扩展到独立多通道模式。.通过本项目的实施，我们更加清楚理解二维/三维微纳结构偏振态调控机制并在可见-红外波段掌握了多种偏振态操纵方案。研究成果期望将为集成光路的偏振编码提供解决方案。