基于异质性消费者的中国收入不平等与贸易结构研究

China's foreign trade has experienced rapid growth since the establishment of the "Reforming and Opening" program. There have been huge changes in the volumn of trade,the variety and the relative weights of different categories of goods. At the same time, the income inequality of China has been deepening. Is there any relationship between the two? This project aims to build models and conduct empirical analysis to study the mechanism behind the relationship between income inequality and the structure of trade in China, based on a heterogeneous-consumer approach. The project starts from introducing consumer income inequality into a trade model featuring monopolistic competition and firm heterogeneity. After solving the open economy general equilibrium, we can derive the relationship between the structure of trade and income inequality. The project then analyzes the determinants of income inequality. The model is based on two assumptions: firm heterogeneity and incompleteness of the labor market. We discuss the wage and income inequality caused by the adjustment of the structure of trade characterized by the realloation of factors across and within sectors. Further, we test the robustness of the models using simultaneous equation estimation. Finally, we conclude and recommend related policies on industrial and regional development.

改革开放以来，中国的对外贸易得到了迅猛的发展，表现在贸易量的提高、贸易商品种类的增加和不同商品比重的变化等各个方面；同时，中国的收入不平等程度逐渐加深。两者之间存在怎样的关系？本项目从异质性消费者角度出发，进行理论建模和实证分析，研究二者互相影响的实现机制。首先把消费者的收入差异引入垄断竞争和异质性厂商的多国世界贸易模型中，求解一般均衡，分析贸易品结构随收入不平等变化的趋势。然后研究收入不平等的决定机制，在异质性企业和劳动力市场不完备的框架下，讨论贸易结构改变伴随的行业之间及行业内部的资源重新配置和所引起的工资与收入差异。进一步，做联立方程估计，检验之前理论模型的可靠性和稳健性。最后综述并提出相关的产业政策和区域发展建议。

中国参与国际分工合作逐渐改变着中国国内地区间的收入不平等，同时消费者的收入差异也对贸易产生影响。本项目从两方面出发研究贸易结构与收入不平等的关系，首先，消费者的收入差异带来消费品选择的差异，厂商的最优定价策略不仅与目标市场的平均收入相关，也与收入分布相关，收入差异的扩大会带来进口商品种类的上升；其次，我们估算了中国省际间以及省与伙伴国间的贸易成本，在单部门和多部门的模型中讨论了贸易成本的下降对地区间收入的影响；最后，我们构建动态随机一般均衡模型，估算中国各省市面临的国内和国际金融摩擦与贸易成本，为进一步研究中国区域不平等提供了理论基础。