城市扩展的大气环境效应与景观格局优化

The unprecedented rapid urbanization is happening in China. With the expansion of urban edge, the heights of internal buildings in cities keep increasing. Atmosphere environmental pollution in China cities is becoming serious. The purpose of this proposal is to study response of air pollution with 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional urban expansion in urban agglomeration, urban, district and street canyon scales, explore the approach of air pollution control through pattern optimization and urban planning. This purpose would be realized through the combination 3S technology, atmosphere models and statistics in multi-scales. The land use maps of Liaoning central agglomeration in 2-dimension and Shenyang urban expansion in 3-dimension would be interpreted with RS images. The air pollution would be simulated with environmental models based on calibration and validation with field-survey data in four spatial scales. The relationship between spatial pattern and air pollution would be analyzed with geographic and multivariate statistics. The optimized pattern would be constructed based on the approaches and theories of landscape ecology. Finally, we would propose the advice to urban planning for air pollution control. This proposal can propose scientific basis for air pollution control through urban planning, which is the practical demands in China. Meantime, this proposal must push forward the development of pattern analysis in 3-dimension and the research of pattern and process in landscape ecology.

中国正经历着前所未有的快速城市化过程，不仅城市边界扩展迅速，城市内部高度也不断增加，随之而来的城市大气环境污染问题越来越突出。本项目拟以辽宁中部城市群和沈阳市为例，分析城市二维三维扩展在4个尺度（城市群、城市、小区和街谷）上的大气环境效应，探寻如何应用格局优化和城市规划方法减缓大气环境污染。采用实地观测--3S技术--大气环境模型--统计分析结合的方法，应用遥感方法解译城市群二维土地利用变化和城市内部三维扩展；基于大气环境模型在四个尺度进行大气污染模拟，采用实测数据对模型进行校准和验证；应用地统计和多元统计方法分析城市扩展与大气污染的关系；结合景观生态学理论和方法构建优化格局，并提出规划建议。本项目不仅可以从城市规划角度为大气污染防治提出科学依据，满足现实国家需求，而且可望在理论上丰富景观生态学的格局与过程关系研究，推动景观格局研究向三维方向发展。

中国正经历着前所未有的快速城市化过程，不仅城市边界扩展迅速，城市内部高度也不断增加，随之而来的城市大气环境污染问题越来越突出。本项目的研究目标是通过对城市街谷和小区三维扩展与大气环境关系的研究，揭示三维景观格局对大气环境的影响机理，在城市和城市群尺度上探讨城市二维和三维扩展的大气环境效应，从城市规划和格局优化角度为城市大气污染减控提出科学支撑和优化方案，并拓展景观生态学在三维格局分析和格局与过程方面的研究。.本项目执行5年来，以辽宁中部城市群和沈阳市为例，通过实地观测、遥感解译、大数据等方法，在景观格局变化方面，查明了辽宁中部城市群二维三维景观格局及扩展、沈阳市不透水面的演变特征、辽宁中部城市群绿色基础设施格局演变包括铁西区绿视率分布等。探讨了城市二维三维扩展在4个尺度（城市群、城市、小区和街谷）上的大气环境效应及其影响机制。通过城市三维扩展与污染物分布模拟，建立了沈阳市通风廊道优化格局。应用与建立了三维景观格局指数10个，丰富了景观生态学三维格局研究方法和理论。.项目完成了研究目标，发表论文53篇，其中SCI论文37篇，EI论文2篇，完成专著初稿1部。培养博士生7人，硕士生4人。项目组4人获得职称晋升。