基于数码喷墨印花技术的柔性纺织品粗糙表面的可控三维光子晶体仿生结构生色研究

In view of the problems of long time-consuming, low efficiency, more material consumption and difficult to location in conventional self-assembly methods, with the digital ink jet printing technology, a three-dimensional photonic crystal structure of uniform and controllable scale on the rough surface of soft textile is constructed. In condition of no such chemical colorants as dyes and pigments, it is accomplished for colloidal microspheres to obtain tunable structural color on textile in a quick and accurate way. Through preparing soft shell-hard core monodisperse colloidal microspheres, developing colloidal microspheres ink system, controlling digital spraying process and colloidal microspheres self-assembly process combined with different textile pretreatment technologies, establishing effective methods to construct three-dimensional photonic crystal structure on textile, investigating the self-assembly behaviors of colloidal microspheres on the textile surface, the three-dimensional periodic structure, spectroscopy properties and photonic band gap structures of photonic crystals on textile are regulated and the structural color effects are improved. It is expected to explore the key factors and internal rules about structural color formation of bionic textile based on three-dimensional photonic crystals, reveal the mechanisms about structure construction and control of photonic crystals on textile, establish scientific model of relationship between photonic crystal structure and structural color formation, and provide theoretical guidance to prepare photonic crystal functional textile materials with flexibility, durability and patterning.

针对常规自组装方法存在的耗时长、效率低、浪费材料、难以定位等问题，借助数码喷墨印花技术，在柔性纺织品的粗糙表面构建均匀和尺度可控的三维光子晶体结构，在无需应用染料/颜料等化学着色剂的条件下，实现胶体微球在纺织品上快速且精准定位的可控结构生色。制备软壳-硬核结构的单分散性胶体微球，开发胶体微球墨水体系，控制数码喷涂工艺和胶体微球自组装工艺，结合不同的纺织品表面预处理技术，建立在纺织品表面构建三维光子晶体结构的有效方法，考察胶体微球在纺织品表面的自组装行为，调控纺织品表面光子晶体三维周期性结构、光谱学性质和禁带结构，提高纺织品上光子晶体结构生色效应。期望通过本项目研究，探明实现纺织品表面光子晶体结构生色的关键因素和内在规律，揭示纺织品上光子晶体结构构建和调控的机理，建立光子晶体结构与其生色效应关系的科学模型，为制备既保持柔性和耐用性又具有图案化生色效果的光子晶体功能性纺织品材料提供理论指导。

针对常规自组装存在的耗时长、效率低、浪费材料、难以定位等问题，本项目采用数码喷印自组装技术在柔性纺织品表面构建均匀和尺度可控的三维光子晶体生色结构。系统研究了聚苯乙烯和二氧化硅纳米微球的合成条件对粒径及单分散性的影响；深入探究了纺织基材表面性能、纳米微球墨水组成和喷印自组装过程等对光子晶体结构及其生色效应的影响。研究结果表明：球形度良好、粒径180-380 nm，单分散指数不超过0.08的纳米微球适宜构建光子晶体生色结构；在一定程度上提高纺织基材的疏水性，有利于墨水中纳米微球的自组装；改善纺织基材表面的平整性有助于得到规整的光子晶体结构；通过调控墨水中纳米微球浓度、pH、表面张力和粘度等指标，可制备适用于喷印自组装的纳米微球墨水；创新性地提出纳米微球墨水在纺织基材上的喷印自组装是空气和胶体分散液之间的界面自组装以及胶体分散液和纺织基材之间的重力沉积自组装的组合，尤以界面自组装为主导。通过模拟数码喷印自组装方式，可在纺织基材表面构造得到鲜艳明亮、虹彩效应显著的三维面心立方（FCC）光子晶体结构色图案。随纳米微球墨水中纳米微球粒径增大，结构色发生红移，随观察角增大，结构色发生蓝移。根据项目研究结果已发表相关学术论文16篇，其中，SCI收录12 篇，授权中国发明专利1项。