纳米Sb2O3负载石墨烯基溴-碳大分子阻燃剂构筑及其协同阻燃机理研究

The emerging nano-flame retardant is considered as one of the current research focuses in flame-retardancy field worldwide. Aimed at the environmental safety problems of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and the difficulties of graphene flame-retardancy research, a new flame-retardancy system of graphene-based Br-Sb-C synergism is constructed, a new method for flame-retardancy controlled modification of graphene is established, and a novel nano-flame retardant of graphene loaded with high-content Br-Sb elements is obtained, which is combined with the principles for synergistic flame retardancy, self-reinforcing and nano-meter effect. Thus, the work will not only break through the bottleneck of engineering application for graphene flame retardancy, but also solve the migration issues of BFRs. Firstly, the project aims to fabricate nano-Sb2O3-loaded graphene-based Br-C macromolecule flame retardant with self-reinforcing effect, by using graphene as a carbon skeleton and grafting bromine element and nano-antimonous oxide (Sb2O3) onto the graphene surface with high loading level via chemical modifications. Secondly, the project will reveal the construction law of this flame retardant by investigating effects of chemical reaction parameters on the grafting level of bromine, the loading level and dispersion of nano-Sb2O3, etc. on the surface of graphene. Also, the flame-retardancy controlled modification is realized by modulating flame-retardancy construction parameters. Thirdly, it will establish its structure-property relation between chemical composition and structure through investigating effects of this flame retardant on the processing, flame-retardancy, smoke suppression and mechanical properties of TPU or PP, and further clarify its synergistic flame-retardancy and reinforcing mechanisms. This project will provide important scientific and technical basis for creating high-performance flame retardant and its wide applications.

新兴纳米阻燃剂是当今国内外阻燃领域的研究热点之一。针对溴系阻燃剂的环境安全性问题和石墨烯阻燃研究的难点，结合“协同阻燃、自增强、纳米效应”原理，构建石墨烯基溴-锑-碳协同阻燃新体系，建立石墨烯可控阻燃修饰新方法，获得新型高密度溴-锑负载石墨烯纳米阻燃剂，有望突破石墨烯阻燃工程应用的关键瓶颈，解决溴系阻燃剂迁移性问题。项目旨在以石墨烯作为碳骨架，通过化学改性将溴元素与纳米Sb2O3高密度负载到石墨烯表面，构筑自增强的纳米Sb2O3负载石墨烯基溴-碳大分子阻燃剂，考察化学工艺参数对其溴接枝率、纳米Sb2O3负载量及分散性等影响，揭示该阻燃剂的构筑规律。并通过调变构筑参数，实现石墨烯的可控阻燃修饰。研究该类阻燃剂在热塑性聚氨酯和聚丙烯等树脂中的加工、阻燃、抑烟及力学性能，建立其化学组成结构与综合性能间的构-效关系，阐明其协同阻燃、增强机理。该项目研究为阻燃剂高性能化及其广泛应用提供重要科学依据。

针对溴系阻燃剂需迫切解决环境安全性问题和石墨烯阻燃研究难点，项目以石墨烯作为碳骨架，通过化学改性将溴、锑阻燃元素负载到石墨烯表面，制备了自增强效应石墨烯基大分子阻燃剂，构建了石墨烯基Br-Sb-C协同阻燃新体系，建立了石墨烯可控阻燃修饰的新方法，解决了溴系阻燃剂迁移性问题。研究该类阻燃剂在热塑性聚氨酯等树脂中的加工、阻燃、抑烟及力学性能，建立了其化学组成结构与综合性能间的构-效关系，筛选出综合性能最佳的阻燃剂，阐明了其协同阻燃、增强机理。项目研究为阻燃剂高性能化及其广泛应用提供重要的科学依据。