超高层建筑雷诺数效应的现场实测、风洞试验和数值模拟研究

In recent years, a large number of super-tall buildings have been built in the South-East Coastal area of China. Reasonable accurate determination of wind loads and wind-indcuced responses on such structures is the most important issue in the structural design stage. The proposed project aims to investiagte the Reynolds number effect on super tall building with different building shapes by means of field measurement,wind tunnel testing and numerical simulation. An monitoring system will be installed in some typical super-tall buildings.Significant field data such as wind speed, wind direction, pressures on cladding, dynamic responses can be acquired by the wind and vibration monitoring systems during typhoon. The dynamic properties,wind pressure distributions and wind-induced characteristics of the tall building will be determined based on the field measurements. Wind tunnel tests and CFD numerical simulations will be conducted. Based on the comparisons of the field measurements to the model test and numerical results, we can assess the variation of external pressure of super tall building with Reynolds number. The correction factors to surface pressures for Reynolds number effect will be presented. Meanwhile, the Reynolds number sensitivity of wind load,vortex-shedding frequency and Strouhal number for super tall building will be studied in detail and a practical correction method for Reynolds number effect will be provided. The simulation techniques for high Reynolds number will be developed based on the proposed wind tunnel tests. The outputs of this comprehensive project are expected to be valuable for the wind engineering community and the wind-resistant design of super tall buildings.

近年来在我国东南沿海地区兴建了大量的超高层建筑,准确合理地确定结构风荷载及风致响应是其设计面临的首要问题。本项目将综合应用现场实测、风洞试验和数值模拟三种方法，系统地研究不同建筑外形的超高层建筑雷诺数效应的相关问题。基于超高层建筑风效应监测平台，测试强/台风作用下城市地区边界层风特性、结构表面风压及风振响应，获取超高层建筑的动力特性、表面风压分布规律及风振响应特征；开展风洞试验及CFD数值模拟研究，结合实测结果，评估超高层建筑表面风压随雷诺数的变化关系，给出建筑表面风压雷诺数效应的修正因子；研究结构风荷载、漩涡脱落频率、斯托拉哈数的雷诺数敏感性，提出实用的修正方法；开展风洞高雷诺数模拟的试验研究，提出准确模拟原型结构气流雷诺数的实用新技术；研究成果为合理开展超高层建筑抗风设计及相关研究提供有用的资料及依据。

超高层建筑的雷诺数效应一直是风工程界关注的重要基础问题，随着超高建筑的高度不断增加，相应的抗风设计要求更为精细化，因此在研究中考虑雷诺数效应也就显得至关重要。.本项目综合运用现场实测、风洞试验及数值模拟方法，开展了超高层建筑雷诺数效应相关问题的研究。基于深圳356m气象梯度观测塔，对强/台风风场进行了实测研究，评估了气象塔周围的空气动力学参数，建立了城市中心风速及湍流剖面模型。分别以香港国际金融中心二期和深圳平安国际金融中心为工程背景建立了风效应实时监测系统，测试了多次强/台风过程中的风场特征及超高层建筑表面风荷载、结构风振响应，分析了城市上空的强/台风特性（包括平均风速、风向、湍流强度、阵风因子、峰值因子、湍流积分尺度和风速谱），研究了原型超高层建筑（Re=10^7）表面风压分布规律；研发了新的时频分析技术，评估了超高结构动力参数的时变特性。对不同外形、不同缩尺比的超高层建筑开展风洞试验及CFD数值模拟研究，结合现场实测结果，评估了超高层建筑表面风压、整体风荷载及结构风致响应随雷诺数的变化规律，分析了湍流条件和角部处理方式等对超高层建筑雷诺数效应的影响。基于大量风洞试验实现了缩尺模型对表面绕流高雷诺数效应的模拟，提出了实用的人工转捩新技术。研究成果将为超高层建筑抗风设计及相关研究提供有用的资料及依据。