星系与超大质量黑洞/双黑洞共同演化N体数值模拟研究

According to the hierarchical galaxy formation model in the popular Λ cold dark matter cosmology, supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) are products of successive mergers of galaxies. Since the feedback of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in active galactic nuclei (AGN) phase will influence the formation and evolution of their host galaxies, the SMBHBs will also impact on the evolution of the galaxies. In addition, the SMBHBs can emit very strong gravitational wave (GW) radiations during their final evolution stage, which makes the SMBHBs become very special GW radiation sources. The researches on such kind of sources can help us to test and verify the predictions of GW and general relativity in some extreme conditions. In consequence, it is highly significant for us to investigate the evolution of SMBHBs. The applicant has been dedicated to use numerical simulation to investigate the interaction of SMBHBs and surrounding stars in gas poor environment, both before and after their coalescence. The applicant and his collaborators have already got some achievements in this field. By using high accuracy direct N-body simulation, the applicant want to deeply investigate the evolution of SMBHB's tidal disruption rate in mergering galaxies, and discuss about the influences of rotating non-spherical stellar distribution and BHs' accretion disks. These works will not only help us to deeply understand the whole evolution of the SMBHB in gas poor environment, both before and after the coalescence, but also understand the galaxy structure evolution and improve the detection of GW.

根据冷暗物质宇宙学星系等级形成理论，星系的合并导致了超大质量双黑洞形成的可能。由于超大质量黑洞在活动星系核阶段的反馈机制会影响星系结构的形成，双黑洞的演化也将直接影响星系结构的形成演化。此外，演化后期的超大质量双黑洞将是非常独特的引力波辐射源。对这类系统的研究与观测能够帮助我们验证引力波和相对论在极端条件下的适用性。因此，对双黑洞演化的研究具有十分重要的意义。申请人致力于通过数值模拟的方法研究贫气体环境下双黑洞在并合前后与恒星的相互作用及其观测特性，并已经取得了一些成果。借助高精度N体数值模拟，申请人希望进一步深入研究双黑洞系统潮汐瓦解率在星系合并过程中的演化，并讨论接近真实的转动非球对称恒星分布以及黑洞吸积盘对结果的影响。这一系列研究工作将帮助我们深入了解贫气体环境下双黑洞并合前后的演化过程，为研究星系合并与结构演化以及引力波探测提供帮助。

根据冷暗物质宇宙学星系等级形成理论，星系的合并导致了超大质量双黑洞形成的可能。由于超大质量黑洞在活动星系核阶段的反馈机制会影响星系结构的形成，双黑洞的演化也将直接影响星系结构的形成演化。此外，演化后期的超大质量双黑洞将是非常独特的引力波源。对这类系统的研究与观测能够帮助我们验证引力波和相对论在极端条件下的适用性。因此，对双黑洞演化的研究具有十分重要的意义。我们通过数值模拟的方法研究贫气体环境中双黑洞在并合前后与恒星的相互作用及其观测特性，取得了一些成果。我们在建立超大质量双黑洞潮汐瓦解恒星模型的基础上，仔细分析了现有的潮汐瓦解事件观测结果，首次在宁静星系中发现了一对相距仅0.6mpc的超大质量双黑洞。欧洲航空航天局(ESA)为此还进行了新闻发布。此外我们借助高精度N体数值模拟进一步深入研究了双黑洞系统潮汐瓦解率在星系合并过程中的演化。不仅明确了主并合过程中恒星潮汐瓦解率的演化，证明了双黑洞系统形成过程中会伴随潮汐瓦解事件的爆发，还为如何将N体数值模拟结果合理应用在真实物理系统中提出了一整套有效的解决方案。这一系列研究工作帮助我们深入了解了贫气体环境中双黑洞并合前后的演化过程，将为研究星系合并与结构演化以及引力波探测提供帮助。