生物质炭输入对新疆盐渍化土壤水盐运移的影响及生物学响应

The saline soil, takes a majority percentage in improvable land in Xinjiang, also has an extremely higher potential to get yields increasing relatively. The critical parts are disgorging the excessive saline iron and improving the soil structure. Biomass carbon, have been proved that, could increase the organic carbon content and refine the physicochemical property of target soil rapidly, also is the hot point which was studied in edaphology recently. The alkalinity which biomass carbon has naturally has induced many questions in whether or not it could improve the saline soil. In pre-experiments, after input of biomass carbon, the yield of cotton was increased 29%. So the project applier estimated that biomass carbon could improve the physicochemical property of saline soil, this could in favor of disgorging the excessive saline iron. Biomass carbon used in saline soil improvement could be a new possibility protocol. In order to testify this idea, we plan to do such experiments in this study: firstly, the biomass carbon is come from the cotton straw. By pot cultivation and soil column simulation in the lab, investigate the influence of physiochemical properties, water & saline iron movements and bio-effects changes of saline soil of different salinization levels which induced biomass carbon inputting according to the different biomass carbon inputting and water inputting groups. These studies could preliminary elucidate the mechanism of saline soil improvement by biomass carbon inputting and the study results could afford theoretical guidance in saline middle and low-yield lands improvement relatively.

盐渍化土壤是新疆面积最大，也是增产潜力最大的低产土壤。去除过量盐分离子、改善不良土壤结构是改良盐渍化土壤的关键。生物质炭被证明具有快速增加土壤有机碳含量、改善土壤理化性质等特点，是近年来土壤学研究的热点。生物质炭自身偏碱特征使人们对其改良盐渍化土壤存在疑虑，但生物质炭输入量有限，对土壤pH的影响有限，且本申请预备试验表明，生物质炭输入条件下棉花增产29%，盐分离子下降显著。申请人认为生物质炭可改善盐渍化土壤理化性质，有助于过量盐分离子去除，是可能的改良盐渍化土壤新技术途径。为证明此推断，拟申请项目以棉杆制备的生物质炭为材料，采用室内土柱模拟、盆栽试验等方法，通过对不同类型和程度盐渍化土壤上生物质炭量、灌水量等因子组合试验，研究生物质炭输入后盐渍化土壤理化性质、水盐运移特征变化及生物学响应，初步明确生物质炭改良盐渍化土壤效应及机理。研究成果将为生物质炭改良盐渍化中低产田提供理论和数据支撑。