可恢复功能抗震结构的损伤控制机理与性能评估方法研究

Earthquake resilient structure is defined as the structure that may have a little controllable damage during an earthquake, and can restore its functionality after a seismic event with no or little renovation while being partially operational. The main characteristics of this structural system are its simplicity for construction and maintenance, low damage during an earthquake event and cost-efficient throughout life cycle. Earthquake resilient structure is a hot global research topic and is also important for future development for earthquake engineering and structural engineering community. Based on the previous research work, this project is initiated to propose three types of earthquake resilient structures, including self-centering structure, member-replaceable structure and rocking structure, and further to optimize their configuration and implementation. The project is mainly focused on the reinforced concrete structures which are relatively sensitive to seismic damage. A series of shaking table tests for overall structural models, cyclic loading tests for complicated sub-assemblage models, theoretical analysis for structural system as well as refined numerical simulations will be conducted. The main research focuses on the three types of innovative structural systems including their configurations, behavior under complex loading, damage control and energy dissipating mechanisms and methodology for the life-cycle performance assessment. On the basis of performance-based design and earthquake resilient target, seismic performance standards and classification indicators for the earthquake resilient structures will be proposed, which are intended to provide scientific evidence for establishing the design theory for earthquake resilient structures.

可恢复功能抗震结构(Earthquake Resilient Structure)是指地震时损伤可控、地震后不需修复或者在部分使用状态下稍许修复即可恢复使用功能的结构，它的特点是结构体系易于建造和维护，地震中结构损伤小，全寿命周期成本效益高。可恢复功能抗震结构是21世纪国际上的研究热点，也是未来防灾减灾工程的重要发展方向。本项目拟在前期研究的基础上，提出可恢复功能抗震结构的三种体系：自复位结构、可更换构件结构及摇摆结构，研究结构体系的组成和实现方式。通过整体结构模型的振动台试验、复杂节点的反复荷载试验、结构体系的理论分析和精细数值模拟方法，聚焦对地震损伤比较敏感的钢筋混凝土结构，重点研究这三种新型体系的组成方式、受力性能、损伤及耗能机理和全寿命周期的性能评价方法，在基于性能设计和可恢复性的基础上，提出可恢复功能抗震结构的性能标准和分级指标，为建立可恢复功能抗震结构的设计理论提供科学依据。

我国全境处于地震多发地带或者地震影响较大区域。对建筑结构进行有效抗震设防是保障生命安全、减小灾害损失的重要措施。目前，国内现行抗震技术及方法未能有效解决结构大震后损伤严重并且难以快速修复的问题，从而阻滞了关键基础设施的快速恢复与重新使用，成为制约城市抗震防灾能力提升的关键短板。近年来，可恢复功能抗震结构研究已成为结构抗震创新发展的迫切任务。本项目在前期研究的基础上，提出可恢复功能抗震结构的三种体系：自复位结构、可更换构件结构及摇摆结构，并研究结构体系的组成和实现方式。通过结构整体模型振动台试验、复杂节点低周反复荷载试验、结构体系理论分析和精细数值模拟方法等，聚焦对地震损伤比较敏感的钢筋混凝土结构，重点研究所提出的三种新型体系的组成方式、受力性能、损伤及耗能机理和全寿命周期性能评价方法；在基于性能设计和可恢复性的基础上，提出可恢复功能抗震结构的性能标准和分级指标，为进一步完善可恢复功能抗震结构的设计理论提供科学依据。各项试验结果与数值分析数据均表明：通过可消除结构残余变形的自复位结构、可减少结构破坏的摇摆结构以及耗能能力强和变形能力大的可更换构件结构等可有效确保建筑结构具有良好的可恢复能力，达到可恢复功能抗震结构的性能要求。采用本项目提出的可恢复功能结构体系，可以使得建筑结构在地震后及时恢复使用功能，从而有利于城市基础设施尽快恢复正常运转。本项目的研究成果可为保障我国建筑结构在地震后快速恢复其正常使用功能提供合理的结构体系，并为建设抗震韧性城市提供技术支撑。