大变形回采巷道塑性区异化扩展与致冒机理

Because of the difference of mining stress distribution and surrounding rock existence, asymmetric, jumping and other irregular plastic zone spread will be appeared in large deformation mining roadway, which is an important factor causing roof rupture or even collapse. Non-traditional field test methods, roof fall risk detector, capacitive deformation measuring instrument and other independent-research technology will be used, combining with theoretical analysis, laboratory test, numerical simulation and field detection, distribution and irregular spread for plastic zone of roadway roof will be accurately detected. Analyzing vector characteristics of regional stress field and plastic zone spread process under its influence, key influencing factors to cause asymmetric and jumping spread of roadway plastic zone will be researched, and mechanical mechanism of irregular spread for roadway roof plastic zone will also be revealed. On this basis, inner relationship between roadway roof fall and the irregular spread of plastic zone will be researched, then physical processes and mechanisms of roadway roof fall caused by irregular spread of plastic zone will be revealed. starting conditions, distribution of plastic zone irregular spread and criterion of roadway roof fall will be built, thus providing the basis for roadway roof risk prediction and control in large deformation mining roadway.

由于采动应力和围岩赋存的差异性，大变形回采巷道顶板塑性区会出现非对称、跃透等异化扩展现象，这种塑性区的异化扩展往往是引发巷道顶板破裂甚至冒顶的重要因素。为了揭示大变形回采巷道塑性区异化扩展与致冒机理，本项目突破传统的现场测试手段，采用冒顶隐患探测仪、容栅精密测变仪等自主研发新技术，结合理论分析、实验室试验、数值模拟和现场探测等综合研究方法，精细探测巷道顶板塑性区分布形态和异化扩展规律，分析采动大变形回采巷道区域应力场矢量特征及其影响下的顶板塑性区扩展过程，探究致使巷道塑性区非对称和跃透异化扩展的关键影响因素，揭示巷道顶板塑性区异化扩展的力学机理；在此基础上，研究巷道塑性区异化形态与巷道冒顶的内在联系，揭示塑性区异化扩展致使巷道冒顶的物理过程与机制，探寻大变形巷道顶板塑性区异化扩展的启动条件和分布范围，建立巷道顶板塑性区异化扩展致冒准则，为大变形回采巷道冒顶隐患预警和控制提供依据。

本项目突破传统的现场测试手段，采用冒顶隐患探测仪、容栅精密测变仪等自主研发新技术，结合理论分析、实验室试验、数值模拟和现场探测等综合研究方法，精细探测巷道顶板塑性区分布形态和异化扩展规律，分析了采动大变形回采巷道区域应力场矢量特征及其影响下的顶板塑性区扩展过程，探究了致使巷道塑性区非对称和跃透异化扩展的关键影响因素，揭示了巷道顶板塑性区异化扩展的力学机理；在此基础上，研究了巷道塑性区异化形态与巷道冒顶的内在联系，揭示了塑性区异化扩展致使巷道冒顶的物理过程与机制，获得了大变形巷道顶板塑性区异化扩展的启动条件和分布范围，建立了巷道顶板塑性区异化扩展致冒准则，为大变形回采巷道冒顶隐患预警和控制提供依据。.经过课题组研究人员三年来不懈努力，本项目取得了预期研究成果。本项目共发表学术论文12篇，其中SCI收录3篇、EI收录8篇；项目负责人为第一发明人授权专利4项；出版专著1部；获得湖南省科技进步一等奖1项、煤炭工业协会科技进步二等奖2项。取得如下创新性成果：.（1）获得了回采巷道围岩区域应力场矢量特征；.（2）揭示了巷道围岩蝶形塑性区的应力敏感特性；.（3）揭示了巷道围岩蝶形塑性区的围岩选择特性；.（4）揭示了大变形回采巷道蝶叶型冒顶机理；.（5）揭示了巷道支护的高阻微效原理；.（6）形成了以塑性区形态调控为基础的巷道冒顶控制方法。