厦门海岸带建筑群三维空间布局优化研究

Compact city is an important model to realize urban sustainable development,and compact city can not sacrifice environmental quality because of high-density of buildings.It is of crucial importance to correctly evaluate the effect of large-scale city buildings load on land subsidence to optimize three-dimensional layout of buildings in compact city. Reclaiming land from seawaters in Xiamen in the process of urbanization,, occupy coastal beaches, coastal zone building density increasing, the three dimensional space layout optimization study is necessary.We plan to analyze dynamic change of land subsidence in the study area.We extract the area of building shade with high resolution images , based on which we calculate the floor area ratio of buildings.We explore the relation between floor area ratio and land subsidence with finite element model to.We build the cellular and rough-set neural network model which is used to simulate the optimized development model of three-dimensional layout of buildings in coastal zone of Xiamen with artificial intelligent technology such as neural network and cellular automata to.We establish an evaluation index system for three-dimensional layout of buildings the land subsidence control with those factors such as historic culture, social economic, ecological environment and city image.Those provide planning suggestions for the sustainable development construction of Xiamen Island.

紧凑城市是实现城市可持续发展的重要模式，紧凑城市并不是以建筑群的高密度牺牲环境质量。准确评估高密度建筑群荷载对地面沉降的影响，是优化紧凑型城市建筑群三维空间布局的重要环节。厦门在城市化过程中，大面积围海造地，占用沿海滩涂，海岸带建筑群密度不断加大，对其三维空间布局进行优化研究是必要的。本研究对研究区地面沉降动态变化进行分析；运用高分辨率遥感数据提取建筑阴影面积，进而计算城市建筑容积率；采用有限元模型探究城市建筑容积率与地面沉降之间的关系；运用神经网络、元胞自动机等人工智能技术建立元胞-粗糙集神经网络模型，并模拟厦门海岸带建筑群三维空间布局的优化发展模式；结合历史文化、社会经济、生态环境、城市形象等因素构建基于地面沉降控制的城市建筑群三维空间布局评价指标体系。为厦门的可持续发展建设提供规划建议。

紧凑城市理念下，厦门城市建设用地的空间格局发生了较大变化，特别是厦门岛城市扩张具有较明显的向海岸带区域蔓延的趋势。本项目通过分析厦门地面沉降情况及其影响因素，并结合海岸带地理区位的特殊性，从热环境、天际线及容积率的角度分析高层建筑群的三维布局，取得如下研究成果：（1）估算了厦门城市建设用地蔓延变化情况，并通过梳理厦门水准点长时间序列监测数据探明了厦门地面沉降情况，剖析了厦门地面沉降沿海区域和内陆区域的沉降差异性；（2）探究了容积率和土地利用变化两方面对厦门地面沉降的影响，并选取地面沉降量、建筑面积密度、水域转化为建设用地比例、建筑容积率均值等指标，对厦门岛地面沉降风险进行了评估；（3）基于高分辨率遥感影像数据估算了厦门岛建筑容积率，并进一步分析厦门岛建筑容积率与地面沉降的关系，精确的探究容积率对地面沉降的影响；（4）选取了城市热环境、天际线和容积率三个城市建筑群三维空间布局评价指标，评价了厦门市环岛路厦大白城段三维建筑布局，对三维建筑布局优化提出了建议。上述研究成果，将在保护自然和生态环境的前提下，为有节、有度地合理利用土地资源提供科学支撑，为实现城市集约空间效应提供决策依据，也为我国可持续发展研究提供新的科学依据。