共享还是独占：服务创新网络治理和网络绩效研究

Based on the dilemma of “sharing or appropriability” of service innovation network, the study focuses on the research question of “how firms govern their service innovation networks and how the governance mechanisms affect their network performance? ”. The study uses both qualitative and quantitative methods, including multiple case study, experiment, questionnaire survey, network analysis, SEM and regression analysis. The study proposes a theoretical model of the causal relationship between network governance and network performance from three aspects of governance mechanisms, objects and subjects in the context of service innovation network. Firstly, the theoretical model designs innovative governance mechanisms by the main effect model of formal and informal mechanisms which interactively effect the network performance. Secondly, it emphasizes that the governance focus should not only be rested on the knowledge sharing but also on innovation appropriability by the moderating model of innovation appropriability. Thirdly, it demonstrates that the subjects of network governance should shifted from hub firm to the third party by the moderating model of third party interorganizational endorsement. The proposed theory is aimed to provide managerial implications and suggestions in the terms of network governance design for firms in the high-tech service sector. The study mainly contribute to network governance literature by creating a network governance system in three levels of mechanisms, objects and subjects. It also emphasizes the comprehensive using of formal and informal mechanisms in different conditions for network behaviors and performance which goes beyond the analysis paradigm of dyadic relationship in traditional governance literature. It contributes to the service innovation literature by investigating the effects of innovation appropriability mechanisms in the context of service innovation networks. Finally, the study provides a new theoretical lens from third party power of interorganizational endorsement which goes beyond the hub firm research in the network governance literature.

本课题在探究服务创新网络“共享-独占”治理困境和特质的基础上，提出 “企业如何治理服务创新网络以提升网络绩效”这一理论问题，运用质性研究、准实验、问卷调查和网络分析、结构方程建模、回归分析等方法，从治理手段、治理内容、治理主体三个层次构建服务创新网络治理与网络绩效之间的因果模型，创新治理手段（正式和非正式机制联合的主效应模型），完善治理内容（平衡知识共享与创新独占的调节效应模型），转换治理主体（第三方组织间背书调节效应模型），为企业设计服务创新网络的治理制度提供对策建议。本课题的贡献是提出“治理手段-治理内容-治理主体”三层次相结合的服务创新网络治理体系；突破传统网络治理研究的双边分析范式，构建正式和非正式机制多元组合提升网络绩效的理论框架，拓展网络治理的研究；针对服务创新网络的不同情境解构创新独占性影响机制，贡献服务创新研究；基于第三方组织间背书，为网络治理研究提供新的理论解释。

本课题在探究服务创新网络“共享-独占”治理困境和特质的基础上，解决“企业如何治理服务创新网络以提升网络绩效”这一理论问题。共分四个子研究，①网络治理机制与服务创新网络绩效；②网络治理机制的影响机理（知识共享的中介机制）；③创新独占性机制的影响。④第三方组织间背书的影响。研究方法采用质性研究、问卷调查和网络分析、结构方程建模、回归分析等方法，获取了221家高新技术企业调查数据。基本结论包括关系治理和契约治理的替代关系、第三方关系治理的三大维度对创新网络绩效的正向影响、第三方治理能力与治理绩效的组合关系、知识共享的中介机制、知识产权复杂的调节作用、第三方组织间背书的正向影响等。本课题的贡献是提出“治理手段-治理内容-治理主体”三层次相结合的服务创新网络治理体系；突破传统网络治理研究的双边分析范式，构建正式和非正式机制多元组合提升网络绩效的理论框架，拓展网络治理的研究；针对服务创新网络的不同情境解构创新独占性影响机制，贡献服务创新研究；基于第三方组织间背书，为网络治理研究提供新的理论解释。