综合医院病房声环境对病人生理与心理的影响研究

It has been internationally recognized that noise has significant adverse impact on people psychologically and physiologically. The sound environment in hospital wards should be strictly required, as they are places for patient's treatment and rehabilitation. However, the actual noise level in hospitals is normally 15 dBA higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended values. Regarding noise impact on patients' health and comfort, the previous studies only considered limited acoustic parameters, and the research methods are mostly subjective, such as questionnaire survey and self evaluation. It is worth investigating the relationship among sound environment, patients' psychological and physiological indicators in the real hospital wards.Based on the measurement of sound field and characteristics of typical sound sources in various types of wards of general hospital, this research would provide appropriate design of sound treatment to improve sound environment in the wards. Field test, subjective questionnaire survey and collection of physiological indicators will be integrated to quantify the influence of varying acoustic environment on patients' psychological and physiological indicators. It will also explore the combined effect on patients' health and comfort in different settings of sound environment. According to the patients' psychological and physiological indicators, this research will generate evaluation method on sound environment in hospital wards. This would also provide fundamental data for formulating the relevant standards of a healthier and more comfortable hospital acoustic environment, and supply solid technical supports for the future design of healthcare buildings.

噪声对人的心理及生理的影响受到广泛关注。医院病房作为病人治疗疾病、调养身体的场所，其声环境的要求更加严格，但各国医院的噪声值通常比世界卫生组织的推荐值高出15分贝。在噪声对病人健康和舒适的影响上，之前大部分研究仅简单考虑到有限的声学指标，并且研究方法大多限于问卷调查和自我评价的主观方式。如何在真实的病房环境中，探讨声环境指标和病人生理、心理指标这三者之间的内在关系，值得深入地开展研究。本课题针对综合医院多种不同类型的普通病房，首先在实测掌握病房声场、声源特性的基础上，通过吸声处理改变选定病房的声环境。从声环境变化对病人生理和心理指标影响的实验测定出发，结合现场声学测试、主观问卷调查和生理指标采集，定量研究不同声环境对病人健康与舒适的综合影响，并初步提出基于病人生理、心理指标的医院病房声环境评价方法，为制定健康、舒适的病房声环境标准提供基础数据，为实现未来医院的人性化设计提供科学依据。

噪声对人的心理及生理的影响受到广泛关注。医院病房作为病人治疗疾病、调养身体的场所，其声环境的要求更加严格，但各国医院的噪声值通常比世界卫生组织的推荐值高出15分贝。在噪声对病人健康和舒适的影响上，之前大部分研究仅简单考虑到有限的声学指标，并且研究方法大多限于问卷调查和自我评价的主观方式。如何在真实的病房环境中，探讨声环境指标和病人生理、心理指标这三者之间的内在关系，值得深入地开展研究。本课题以综合医院病房为研究对象，在实测掌握病房声场、声源特性的基础上，通过吸声处理改变选定病房的声环境。从声环境变化对住院病人生理和心理指标影响的实验测定出发，结合现场声学测试、主观问卷调查和生理指标采集，定量研究不同声环境对住院病人健康与舒适的综合影响。研究结果证明了病房声环境的改善有利于住院病人的休息、睡眠以及住院情绪，同时能提升医护人员的工作效率，减小出错率。揭示了住院病人在不同声环境下的各项生理指标差异，以及病房室内声压级变化对病人心脏活动的影响；分析了病房声环境指标与病人生理和心理指标之间的关系；初步提出了基于病人生理、心理指标的病房声环境评价方法，并总结了相应的改善措施；为制定健康、舒适的病房声环境标准提供基础数据，为实现未来医院的人性化设计提供科学依据。