低成本碳基钙钛矿太阳电池

The efficiency of fully printed perovskite solar cells using a mesoscopicTiO2/carbon structure have exceeded 15%, and are potential to be used in industry due to low cost and high stability. Carbon electrodes, perovskite materials and fabrication techniques determine the performance of carbon-based perovskite solar cells. To improve the efficiency and stability of carbon-based perovskite solar cells, based on researches on graphene materials and efficiency >13% of full printed carbon-based perovskite solar cells, the carbon electrode, perovskite materials will be studied. The composition, film morphology, surface components and surface properties of carbon electrode will be characterized by AFM, SEM, TEM, XRD, SKPM, UPS, XPS, Raman et. al, the conductivity mechanism of carbon electrode will be analyzed and theorized. Conductive carbon materials, including 3D graphene and graphene rolls will be added in to carbon electrodes, in order to improve the conductivity of carbon electrodes. The effects of surface components on surface work function and combination of surface charges will be revealed, electronic block layers, including graphene derivatives with high work function, will be added into carbon electrodes to lower combination of surface charges. The perovskite composites based on MA, FA, Cs, Ru will be introduced into carbon based perovskite solar cells to expand the absorption spectroscopy and improve the stability of perovskite materials and solar cells, by combination of literature results and theory calculation. The stability of carbon-based perovskite solar cells will be studied. High efficiency carbon-based perovskite solar cells with high efficiency will be fabricated based on optimized carbon electrodes with high conductivity and low surface combination of charges, and perovksite composites with broad absorption spectroscopy and high stability.

基于碳电极的全印刷碳基钙钛矿太阳电池具有低成本、稳定性好的特点，最高效率已达15%，需要进一步提高效率与稳定性。碳电极、钙钛矿材料与制备工艺决定着碳基钙钛矿太阳电池的性能。在石墨烯材料与效率>14%的全印刷碳基钙钛矿太阳电池基础上，针对碳电极与钙钛矿材料的关键科学问题，对碳电极的组成、孔道结构、表面成分和表面性质等进行系统表征与分析，深入研究碳电极导电性与表面电荷复合过程，揭示碳电极的组成、结构与导电机理，阐明碳电极表面电荷复合机制；加入3D石墨烯等导电碳材料提高碳电极导电性能，加入高功函氧化石墨烯与采用ALD对碳电极修饰改性降低碳电极表面电荷复合；结合文献与理论计算，合成适合全印刷的宽吸收光谱、稳定性好的复合钙钛矿材料及其浆料；研究不同环境下碳基钙钛矿太阳电池器件性能衰减的动力学过程，制备出稳定性好的高效率全印刷碳基钙钛矿太阳电池。

钙钛矿太阳电池因高效率与低成本等特点具有大规模应用的潜力，基于碳电极的全印刷碳基钙钛矿太阳电池具有更低成本与更优稳定性等特点，但其最高效率与平面型钙钛矿太阳电池有较大差距，实用化需要进一步提高效率与稳定性。碳电极、钙钛矿材料与制备工艺决定着碳基钙钛矿太阳电池的性能。针对碳电极与钙钛矿材料的关键科学问题，用物理吸附仪等测定碳电极材料的孔径分布和孔容等内部孔道结构，采用AFM、TEM、SEM、XRD、Raman、表面接触角仪、荧光显微镜等研究碳电极中碳材料、新型碳电极形貌等微结构、组成、表面基团，以及表面亲疏水性。并结合四探针测试、二极管器件等系统研究了碳电极与新型碳电极的组分和比例对碳电极导电性的影响。深入研究碳电极导电性与表面电荷复合过程，揭示碳电极的组成、结构与导电机理，阐明碳电极表面电荷复合机制。系统研究碳电极材料与工艺对碳基钙钛矿太阳电池性能的影响，合成适合全印刷的宽吸收光谱、稳定性好的复合钙钛矿材料及其浆料。研究不同环境下碳基钙钛矿太阳电池器件性能衰减的动力学过程，发展出宽吸收光谱、稳定性好的复合钙钛矿材料与浆料，制备出能量转换效率大于16.5%的全印刷碳基钙钛矿太阳电池（AM1.5G, 100mW/cm2）。研究成果申请国家发明专利2件，在领域国际主流刊物上发表高水平论文24篇。培养硕士研究生9人。