面向珠三角城市住宅的可持续评估模型与多目标优化研究

Buildings have great impacts on our environment from the phases of material extraction, manufacturing and transportation; and the phases during building's use and demolition.How to mitigate the environmental damage has become the goal of sustainable green building.The Pearl River Delta is the core region for economic growth in China, where building construction industry is in a booming state. However, relative tothe development of green buildings in north China, promoting green buildings in south China is still in the initial stage. Many policies were made toestablish indicators, which did not estimate the environmental impacts using quantitative method, leading to the lack of scientific proof. In addition, the life cycle assessment at present is focused on analyzing environmental impacts, however, not taking social-economic factors into account, lack of a sound consideration of sustainability. Therefore,the research is first to optimize and develop of sustainable models in building construction process and material selectionusing quantitative life cycle assessment to estimate environmental impacts, combined with semi-quantitative method considering social-economic factors. Besides,using the above research results enables us to investigate and estimate the environmental impacts of residential buildings with multiple objectives in the region of the Pearl River Delta through their whole life cycle, covering issues such as differentiating the impacts between steel and reinforced concrete structures, low and high residential buildings and traditional and energy saving buildings, providing theoretical basis for regional green building policy for energy saving and greenhouse gas emissions reduction.

建筑从材料生产、运输、建造、使用到废弃阶段对环境造成不小的影响，如何有效地减少对环境的伤害为可持续绿色建筑最主要的目标。珠三角地带为中国经济发展核心地区，建筑建造业处于蓬勃发展之态，然而，相对于中国北方绿建筑发展而言，中国南方绿建筑的推动仍属起步阶段，许多的政策尚属于指标的建立，并未对城市住宅做有效的量化环境评估，而导致环境影响缺乏科学性的论证。另外，现有的生命周期评估法着重于环境分析而忽视社会经济影响因子，欠缺完整可持续性考量。因此，本课题首先将对珠三角地区以生命周期量化的方法以及考量社会经济因子半定量的方法优化及构建建筑施工及建材选择的可持续评估模型。其次，依上两阶段之研究结果与数据资料对此区域进行多目标研究，评估珠三角地区住宅全生命周期环境影响，涵盖钢筋混凝土与钢结构、低层住宅与高层住宅等之间差异性评估，为此地区绿色建筑提供节能减排的发展政策。

可持续绿色建筑评估为当前对绿色建筑重要的依据与参考，研究首先针对国内外评估的指标做比较分析，已提供国内未来完善绿色建筑评估体系做参考，另外也探讨了国内在绿色建筑运营上指标判定的困难处。另外，从建筑生命周期来看，材料从生产、运输、建造、使用到废弃阶段对环境造成不小的影响，因此首先针对可持续再生材料木材，从不同地区来源分析其能源消耗及碳排放，并且比较不同建筑结构(包含木构造、钢筋混凝土构造以及钢结构)的环境影响。而后，更对珠三角地带以深圳市深圳大学为例，分析建筑施工过程的环境影响，并提出可能的优化方案及模型，并对珠三角地区深圳市住宅的不同建筑结构(剪力墙结构、框架剪力墙结构以及砖混结构)的施工过程做碳排放估算。另一方面，基于可持续精神，建筑住宅在生命周期结束后拆除阶段造成废弃物大量污染，建筑废弃物的处理更显得重要，本研究中，也包含了建立建筑物废弃物管理的模型，并尝试结合不同方法对建筑垃圾做更为科学化的管理，并且比较了几个国家对于建筑废弃物的处理模式，减少材料在生命周期末端造成环境的为害，并提供国内未来发展的参考。