不同海拔对藜麦产量和品质的影响及生理生态机制

Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa) is an amaranthaceae annual dicotyledonous herb of the genus Chenopodium quinoa subfamily, it has cold-resistant, drought-resistant, salty-resistant and other physiological characteristics. Quinoa is rich in protein, amino, unsaturated fatty acid, vitamins, minerals, fiber, and the United Nations announced 2013as International Year of Quinoa. Gansu Province has different altitudes and ecological climate types, so it is the suitable planting areas of quinoa in China. There is no paper was reported about the effects of altitudes on quinoa production and quality at home and abroad now. Our project group discovered quinoa yields had significantly gaps in different altitudinal areas in Gansu, so we conjecture altitude is the key effector which effect quinoa yields. Based on the above ideas, we plan to use 4 quinoa varieties and different altitudes as research objects, agronomic traits, yield and its formation factors, the main quality indexes, soil properties, soil microorganisms, soil enzyme activities, photosynthetic physiological and biochemical indexes of quinoa leaves were measured with botany morphological, biochemical, physiological and enzymatic theories and methods to study the effects of different altitudes on yield and quality of quinoa, analyzing the biochemical and physiological processes of its materials assimilation, its relationship with climate factors and soil environment, revealing the physiological mechanisms and its regulation approaches of yield and quality formation of quinoa in different altitudes. The aims of the study are providing the theoretical basis and practice instructions for increasing quinoa yields and qualities.

藜麦是苋科藜亚科藜属一年生双子叶草本植物，具有抗寒、抗旱、耐盐碱等特性。藜麦富含蛋白质、氨基酸、维生素及多种矿物质，联合国将2013年定为世界藜麦年。甘肃省海拔跨度大，生态气候类型多样，是国内藜麦种植的适宜区，且目前国内外未见海拔对藜麦产量和品质影响的报道。我们前期试验发现甘肃省不同海拔地区藜麦产量存在很大差异，推测海拔是影响藜麦高产优质的关键因素。为此，项目组在前期工作基础上，拟进一步以4个藜麦品种和甘肃省5个不同海拔生态环境区为切入点，利用作物形态学、生物化学、植物生理学等学科的理论知识和研究方法，通过测定藜麦不同生育期农艺性状、产量及其构成因子、主要品质指标、根际土壤物理化学和生物性状参数、以及藜麦叶片光合同化生理生化指标等，研究海拔高度对藜麦产量和品质形成的影响，分析其物质同化的生理生化过程及其与气候因子、土壤环境等的关系，揭示不同海拔高度下藜麦产量和品质形成的生理机制及其调控途径

藜麦具有耐寒、耐旱、耐盐碱等生物学特性，具有丰富且全面的营养。甘肃省海拔跨度大，生态类型多样，研究不同海拔对藜麦生长和产量的影响，并明确其生理生态机制，筛选出适宜不同生态区种植的藜麦品种。本项目以陇藜系列4个藜麦品种为对象，选择甘肃省内海拔差异显著的5个地点，研究海拔对藜麦产量和品质的影响，揭示其生理生态调控机制，并明确海拔-产量-品质-生长生理之间的关系，筛选出不同生态区适宜种植的藜麦品种。研究结果表明，随海拔的升高，藜麦叶片叶绿素、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量先升高后下降；MDA含量和O2-产生速率升高后下降再升高，在海拔最高处达到最大值；SOD、POD、CAT和APX活性先升高后下降。说明高海拔下太阳辐射强度增大、温度降低，导致藜麦幼苗植株抗氧化酶活性升高以清除多余活性氧自由基，使得植株能够适应高海拔环境而正常生长，但生物量较低海拔仍有不同程度降低。产生这些生理响应差别的主要因素可能由于随着海拔的升高，藜麦幼苗所受到的各种逆境胁迫的变化，即高海拔下藜麦幼苗所受到的光辐射、水分胁迫、低温以及低湿度等上的胁迫较低，随着海拔的升高，藜麦幼苗所受到的辐射、干旱、低温以及低湿度逐渐增加。藜麦为抗逆性强的作物，在深度胁迫下可以正常生长，但由于随着海拔的升高胁迫逐渐加剧，所以与低海拔地区藜麦相比其生物量与生理表现上不如低海拔地区藜麦，且在通常情况下高海拔处藜麦较低的生物量、叶绿素、可溶性蛋白、APX和在高海拔下较高的SOD、CAT、POD也可能是在高海拔下藜麦幼苗所受到的逆境胁迫高并且藜麦的抗逆性较强的原因。陇藜1号、陇藜2号和陇藜4号适宜在甘肃省内河西灌区、甘南高海拔冷凉地区以及临夏二阴地区种植，陇藜3号适宜在甘肃省内旱区半干旱区种植。