航空三级式起动发电系统起动阶段损耗分析及协同高效控制研究

The severe temperature rise in aircraft three-phase starter-generator system caused by overload operation during start-up process seriously affects system reliability, and this poses an urgent need for research on loss analysis and high-efficiency start control for this starter-generator system. While, the three-stage starter-generator system, containing "two electric machines - three converters", has characteristics of multistage structure and mutual coupling, which makes the loss distribution and its influence mechanism complicated, and efficiency optimization for the main machine and exciter separately cannot ensure the optimal overall efficiency of this system. Aiming at the multi-component coupling characteristics of the three-stage starter-generator system, this project intends to carry out research on system performance-level simulation model considering loss calculation of each component, and influence mechanism of the coupling characteristics between main machine and exciter on system loss and overall efficiency. On this basis, the multiple start control variables are collaboratively optimized with the goal of optimizing the system overall efficiency, and high-efficiency starting control strategy based on collaborative optimization of the main machine and exciter will be obtained and verified experimentally on the RT-Lab semi-physical experimental platform. The research results can improve the system efficiency, reduce the temperature rise, and improve the reliability of aircraft three-stage starter-generator system. In addition, they can provide support for further optimization of the system volume and weight.

航空三级式起动发电系统起动阶段过载运行引起的剧烈温升问题严重影响系统可靠性，对开展系统损耗分析及高效率起动控制研究提出了迫切需求。而该系统起动阶段“两电机-三变换器”的多级结构及相互耦合特点，使得系统损耗分布及影响机理较为复杂，且单独针对主电机和励磁机的效率优化无法保证系统整体效率最优。本项目针对三级式起动发电系统多部件耦合特性，拟开展计及各部件损耗计算的三级式起动发电系统性能级仿真模型研究，以及主电机与励磁机电磁机械耦合特性对系统各部件损耗及整体效率影响机理研究；在此基础上，以系统整体效率最优为目标协同优化系统多重起动控制变量，获取基于主电机与励磁机协同优化控制的航空三级式起动发电系统高效率起动控制策略，并在RT-Lab半物理实验平台上进行实验验证。研究结果可提高航空三级式起动发电系统起动运行效率，降低温升，提升系统可靠性，并为该系统体积重量的进一步优化设计提供支撑。

航空起动发电一体化技术可减小系统体积重量、提高集成度，是航空发动机、尤其是多电发动机的关键技术之一。三级式无刷同步起动发电一体化系统（简称三级式起动发电系统）可靠性高、发电品质高等优势使其成为航空大功率起动发电一体化系统的首选。三级式起动发电系统起动阶段过载运行引起的剧烈温升问题严重影响系统可靠性，对开展系统损耗分析及高效率起动控制研究提出了迫切需求。.针对此需求，本项目针对航空三级式起动发电系统起动阶段的系统建模和损耗分析以及高效率起动控制开展了研究，并在此研究内容基础上开展了该系统旋转整流器故障诊断研究以进一步提升系统可靠性。具体研究内容和研究成果包括：（1）在系统建模和损耗分析方面，构建了计及各部件损耗计算的三级式起动发电系统模型，能够同时囊括励磁机、主电机、旋转整流器、励磁机控制功率变换器和主电机控制功率变换器，且考虑励磁机和主电机磁场饱和影响；（2）在高效率起动控制方面，开展了基于主电机和励磁机协同控制的三级式起动发电系统高效率起动控制方法研究，在主电机励磁电流和转速解耦控制的基础上实现了电枢电流最小起动控制；（3）在旋转整流器故障诊断方面，开展了基于励磁机电流轨迹几何特征的旋转整流器故障诊断方法研究，可以实现旋转整流器故障发生判断、故障二极管定位以及故障类型判断。.本项目研究成果可提高航空三级式起动发电系统起动运行效率，提升系统可靠性，并为该系统体积重量的进一步优化设计提供支撑。