Leukemia is one of the common malignant diseases which severely threaten the human health. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT)is an effective and sometimes the only curative therapy for patients with leukemia. However, leukemia relapse is the critical complication of allo-HSCT, and the immunological mechanism for relapse is still unclear. Exploring these mechanisms would further reduce the relapse rate and improve prognosis of patients following Allo-HSCT. We have already established a modified donor lymphocyte infusion (mDLI)-based strategy for prophylaxis and treatment of leukemia relapse. Four kinds of clinic models have been found in our previous studies and two clinical trials (NCT01455272,NCT01517347)which target leukemia relapse have been initiated. Based on the clinic platforms, the aims of this study are to: ① find immune cell subsets associated with relapse and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD); ② Sort and purify these cells ,then identify their functions in vitro experiments and animal models; which would help to elucidate the cellular immune mechanisms of relapse, even find novel approach to separate GVHD from graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects; ③ explore the mechanism of relapse through investigating the phenotype and function of leukemia stem cells(LSCs) as well as hematopoietic microenvironment; ④ find factors associated with effect through determining the outcomes and immune reconstitution of patients who underwent immunological prophylaxis or intervention. In sum, the significance of this study is to elucidate the immune mechanisms of relapse, even realize the separation of GVHD from GVL effects, and establish novel systems for prophylaxis and treatment of leukemia relapse.
白血病是严重威胁人民健康的重大疾病。异基因造血干细胞移植(Allo-HSCT)是白血病有效乃至唯一的根治手段,但移植后白血病复发是allo-HSCT常见并发症和该领域的重大科学问题。深入研究移植后白血病复发的免疫学机制对完善干预方法、建立新的免疫防治策略,提高移植疗效意义重大。申请人前期研究建立了"改良供者淋巴细胞输注"(mDLI)为基础的移植后白血病复发防治体系,形成了四种临床模型并启动两项改进复发诊疗的前瞻临床试验(NCT01455272,NCT01517347)。本课题组拟以临床模型为平台,①发现与移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)/移植物抗白血病(GVL)效应相关的目标免疫细胞亚群;②利用体外实验及动物模型,分离目标免疫细胞并鉴定功能,进而阐明复发乃至GVHD/GVL分离的免疫学机制;③同时从微环境/白血病干细胞的角度探讨白血病复发机制;④寻找预测免疫干预疗效的分子指标,完善复发防治体系。
造血干细胞移植(allo-SCT)后复发是常见的死亡原因之一,移植后复发机制白血病治疗领域的重大科学问题,本课题借助临床队列、动物模型和体外试验取得了如下成果:⑴确定多个与移植后复发相关的CD34+CD38-CD58-白血病细胞或免疫细胞亚群(包括NK细胞、CD4+CD25−CD69+调节性T细胞等),并对其表型和功能进行了鉴定,发现无论是移植后急性髓细胞白血病(AML)复发还是急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)复发都与T细胞功能耗竭密切相关;⑵首次证实危险分层指导的小剂量激素预防在降低移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)的同时不影响抗白血病(GVL)效应,使GVHD发生低危人群避免应用多余的免疫抑制剂预防,减少了激素应用的不良反应;⑶首次证实供者来源的调节性B细胞(Breg)在降低GVHD的同时不影响GVL作用,可部分实现GVHD和GVL的分离; ⑷发现多种预测移植后复发等预后的生物学标记,包括CBFB-MYH11基因、AML-ETO融合基因、MLL基因和SIL-TAL基因等; ⑸提出国际广泛认可的单倍型相合移植的供者选择原则; ⑹建立多种基于微小残留病(MRD)分层的复发干预手段,如改良供者淋巴细胞输注(DLI)等,课题组还发现DLI有效治疗移植后复发能逆转功能耗竭的T细胞,使其恢复功能; ⑺前瞻性临床队列研究证实白细胞介素-2(IL-2)预防显著降低移植后慢性GVHD;⑻多中心、临床研究证实危险分层指导的对t(8;21)急性髓细胞白血病的干预极大的改善了该亚群白血病患者中的高危患者的预后。该课题按照任务书要求完成的各项目标,截止目前上述成果影响和/或改变国内外相关指南10余项、技术在全国、亚太及欧美地区推广,共发表SCI论文50余篇,其中包括J Clin Oncol (IF 24.008) 1篇, blood(IF 13.2)3篇、Leukemia(IF 11.7)3篇以及邀稿综述3篇;参加国际会议交流20余次(包括Oral和Poster),培养研究生10余名,博士后2名,课题负责人以第一完成人获得国家科技进步二等奖2项。在课题工作基础上,课题负责人后续申请获得国家自然科学基金委创新群体项目1项(2016年)、国家重点研发计划干细胞与转化研究专项1项(2017年)。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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