面向文化遗产异常形变监测与评估的双尺度星载雷达干涉方法研究

Well-known for its outstanding significant and universal value that is rare and irreplaceable, cultural heritage places an important role for the history documentation and civilization inheriting. At present, the sustainability of cultural heritage is facing challenges negatively impacted by the combination of natural hazards and anthropogenic activities. In this project, we focus on the defect of relics linked to the structural instability as well as the motion anomaly of the surrounding landscape. Two representative heritage sites, including Ming Dynastry City Walls (Nanjing) and Ming Great Wall (Ningxia), were selected. Taking advantage of the interferometric capability of synthetic aperture radar (SAR), a two-scale multi-temporal SAR interferometry (MT-InSAR) solution will be developed for the motion detection and preventive evaluation of cultural heritage by applying satellite SAR data. That is, a MT-InSAR adapted in natural scenarios will be firstly exploited for the motion anomaly detection and its consequence evaluation for cultural heritages owing to the integration of PS and DS points (enhanced spatial density of point candidates) and the reduction of the computation complexity. Second, a D-TomoSAR approach, powerful in solving the layover effect and isolating displacement contributions, will be developed for the structural instability and risk diagnosis of heritages by integrating the merits of PSInSAR and SAR tomography. After that, a prototype of regulations will be exploited for the risk assessment and mapping. The deliverables of this project will fill the theoretic vacancy of radar remote sensing in heritage conservation, which is also beneficial for the sustainable development of heritage sites along the One Belt and One Road.

作为全人类罕见和无法替代的财富，文化遗产在历史记录与文明传承中至关重要。因自然灾害频发与人类活动加剧，文化遗产可持续发展正面临挑战。本项目拟利用星载合成孔径雷达（SAR）干涉能力，以遗产本体结构不稳定性以及赋存场景大范围异常形变监测为突破口，选择南京明城墙和宁夏明长城等大遗址为典型示范，研究文化遗产异常形变监测与评估的双尺度星载多基线雷达干涉模型与方法，即：1)集成PS和DS，增强测量点空间分布密度，降低相位重构计算复杂度，开发适用于自然场景的文化遗产异常形变监测MT-InSAR方法；2）克服叠掩效应，集成PSInSAR和层析SAR优势，赠别形变贡献当量，研究遗产本体结构不稳定性监测与诊断的D-TomoSAR方法。接着利用异常形变指标，研究文化遗产风险评估规范原型。项目成果将有效填补雷达遥感在文化遗产保护应用中的理论空白，并助力“一带一路”遗产的可持续化发展。

作为全人类罕见和无法替代的财富，文化遗产在历史记录与文明传承中至关重要。因自然灾害频发与人类活动加剧，文化遗产（尤其是建筑遗产）因赋存场景地表形变，可导致结构失稳并影响其可持续保护利用。相对其它变形（例如自然界热胀冷缩季节性周期变化），异常形变特指趋势性抬升/下陷、空间错位性变形、时间加速度变化等。本项目利用星载合成孔径雷达（SAR）干涉能力，以遗产本体结构不稳定性以及赋存场景大范围异常形变监测为突破口，选择南京明城墙和宁夏明长城等大遗址为典型示范，重点开展工作如下：1）遗产地场景尺度异常形变宏观把控与监测的星载增强MT-InSAR方法，2）遗产本体结构不稳定性监测与健康评估的星载 D-TomoSAR方法与模型，3）遗产地病害与异常形变耦合机制研究，4）文化遗产星载雷达干涉异常形变风险评估与健康诊断原型研究。. 通过2018-2021攻关，获得的研究成果如下：1）适应于文化遗产场景异常形变监测与评估的增强型多基线雷达干涉方法；2）适应于遗址本体结构不稳定性监测与健康诊断的D-TomoSAR方法与模型；3）雷达干涉文化遗产病害监测与科学保护指标及风险评估原型；4）发表SCI等论文10余篇，培养硕博士研究生4名。. 研究成果为大型建筑遗产（古建筑群、线性遗产）地表形变和遗产本体结构失稳一体化监测提供了技术手段，解决了大型遗产形变监测数据缺少或不完整瓶颈问题，丰富发展了InSAR在文化遗产预防性监测保护的深度和维度，在遗产保护学科交叉和科技软实力提升具备重要的科学价值和现实应用意义。